Role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation

Sara Svensson,1,2 Magnus Forsberg,1,2 Mats Hulander,1,2 Forugh Vazirisani,1,2 Anders Palmquist,1,2 Jukka Lausmaa,2,3 Peter Thomsen,1,2 Margarita Trobos1,21Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomateri...

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Autores principales:	Svensson S, Forsberg M, Hulander M, Vazirisani F, Palmquist A, Lausmaa J, Thomsen P, Trobos M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0df7abeaddbb4969bce840e65c0ff156
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0df7abeaddbb4969bce840e65c0ff1562021-12-02T06:32:00ZRole of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/0df7abeaddbb4969bce840e65c0ff1562014-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/role-of-nanostructured-gold-surfaces-on-monocyte-activation-and-staphy-a15736https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013 Sara Svensson,1,2 Magnus Forsberg,1,2 Mats Hulander,1,2 Forugh Vazirisani,1,2 Anders Palmquist,1,2 Jukka Lausmaa,2,3 Peter Thomsen,1,2 Margarita Trobos1,21Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden; 3SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, SwedenAbstract: The role of material surface properties in the direct interaction with bacteria and the indirect route via host defense cells is not fully understood. Recently, it was suggested that nanostructured implant surfaces possess antimicrobial properties. In the current study, the adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and human monocyte adhesion and activation were studied separately and in coculture in different in vitro models using smooth gold and well-defined nanostructured gold surfaces. Two polystyrene surfaces were used as controls in the monocyte experiments. Fluorescent viability staining demonstrated a reduction in the viability of S. epidermidis close to the nanostructured gold surface, whereas the smooth gold correlated with more live biofilm. The results were supported by scanning electron microscopy observations, showing higher biofilm tower formations and more mature biofilms on smooth gold compared with nanostructured gold. Unstimulated monocytes on the different substrates demonstrated low activation, reduced gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and low cytokine secretion. In contrast, stimulation with opsonized zymosan or opsonized live S. epidermidis for 1 hour significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species, the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10, as well as the secretion of TNF-α, demonstrating the ability of the cells to elicit a response and actively phagocytose prey. In addition, cells cultured on the smooth gold and the nanostructured gold displayed a different adhesion pattern and a more rapid oxidative burst than those cultured on polystyrene upon stimulation. We conclude that S. epidermidis decreased its viability initially when adhering to nanostructured surfaces compared with smooth gold surfaces, especially in the bacterial cell layers closest to the surface. In contrast, material surface properties neither strongly promoted nor attenuated the activity of monocytes when exposed to zymosan particles or S. epidermidis.Keywords: nanotopography, staphylococci, host defense, bacteria, zymosan, macrophageSvensson SForsberg MHulander MVazirisani FPalmquist ALausmaa JThomsen PTrobos MDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2014, Iss Issue 1, Pp 775-794 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Svensson S Forsberg M Hulander M Vazirisani F Palmquist A Lausmaa J Thomsen P Trobos M Role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation
description	Sara Svensson,1,2 Magnus Forsberg,1,2 Mats Hulander,1,2 Forugh Vazirisani,1,2 Anders Palmquist,1,2 Jukka Lausmaa,2,3 Peter Thomsen,1,2 Margarita Trobos1,21Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden; 3SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, SwedenAbstract: The role of material surface properties in the direct interaction with bacteria and the indirect route via host defense cells is not fully understood. Recently, it was suggested that nanostructured implant surfaces possess antimicrobial properties. In the current study, the adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and human monocyte adhesion and activation were studied separately and in coculture in different in vitro models using smooth gold and well-defined nanostructured gold surfaces. Two polystyrene surfaces were used as controls in the monocyte experiments. Fluorescent viability staining demonstrated a reduction in the viability of S. epidermidis close to the nanostructured gold surface, whereas the smooth gold correlated with more live biofilm. The results were supported by scanning electron microscopy observations, showing higher biofilm tower formations and more mature biofilms on smooth gold compared with nanostructured gold. Unstimulated monocytes on the different substrates demonstrated low activation, reduced gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and low cytokine secretion. In contrast, stimulation with opsonized zymosan or opsonized live S. epidermidis for 1 hour significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species, the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10, as well as the secretion of TNF-α, demonstrating the ability of the cells to elicit a response and actively phagocytose prey. In addition, cells cultured on the smooth gold and the nanostructured gold displayed a different adhesion pattern and a more rapid oxidative burst than those cultured on polystyrene upon stimulation. We conclude that S. epidermidis decreased its viability initially when adhering to nanostructured surfaces compared with smooth gold surfaces, especially in the bacterial cell layers closest to the surface. In contrast, material surface properties neither strongly promoted nor attenuated the activity of monocytes when exposed to zymosan particles or S. epidermidis.Keywords: nanotopography, staphylococci, host defense, bacteria, zymosan, macrophage
format	article
author	Svensson S Forsberg M Hulander M Vazirisani F Palmquist A Lausmaa J Thomsen P Trobos M
author_facet	Svensson S Forsberg M Hulander M Vazirisani F Palmquist A Lausmaa J Thomsen P Trobos M
author_sort	Svensson S
title	Role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation
title_short	Role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation
title_full	Role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation
title_fullStr	Role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation
title_full_unstemmed	Role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation
title_sort	role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/0df7abeaddbb4969bce840e65c0ff156
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Role of nanostructured gold surfaces on monocyte activation and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation

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