Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique

The enormous world demand for personal protective equipment to face the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has revealed two main weaknesses. On one hand, centralized production led to an initial shortage of respirators; on the other hand, the world demand for single-use equipment has had a direct and inevi...

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Autores principales:	Mattia Pierpaoli, Chiara Giosuè, Natalia Czerwińska, Michał Rycewicz, Aleksandra Wieloszyńska, Robert Bogdanowicz, Maria Letizia Ruello
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electrospinning filtering materials PLA filtration efficiency fibers biodegradable Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0e16fba4415f4fc0adf3ced00022118b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0e16fba4415f4fc0adf3ced00022118b2021-11-25T18:13:24ZCharacterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique10.3390/ma142267661996-1944https://doaj.org/article/0e16fba4415f4fc0adf3ced00022118b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6766https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The enormous world demand for personal protective equipment to face the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has revealed two main weaknesses. On one hand, centralized production led to an initial shortage of respirators; on the other hand, the world demand for single-use equipment has had a direct and inevitable effect on the environment. Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable thermoplastic polyester, mainly derived from corn starch. Electrospinning is an established and reproducible method to obtain nano- and microfibrous materials with a simple apparatus, characterized by high air filtration efficiencies. In the present work, we designed and optimized an open-source electrospinning setup, easily realizable with a 3D printer and using components widely available, for the delocalized production of an efficient and sustainable particulate matter filter. Filters were realized on 3D-printed PLA support, on which PLA fibers were subsequently electrospun. NaCl aerosol filtration tests exhibited an efficiency greater than 95% for aerosol having an equivalent diameter greater than 0.3 μm and a fiber diameter comparable to the commercially available FFP2 melt-blown face mask. The particulate entrapped by the filters when operating in real environments (indoors, outdoors, and working scenario) was also investigated, as well as the amount of heavy metals potentially released into the environment after filtration activity.Mattia PierpaoliChiara GiosuèNatalia CzerwińskaMichał RycewiczAleksandra WieloszyńskaRobert BogdanowiczMaria Letizia RuelloMDPI AGarticleelectrospinningfiltering materialsPLAfiltration efficiencyfibersbiodegradableTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6766, p 6766 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electrospinning filtering materials PLA filtration efficiency fibers biodegradable Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	electrospinning filtering materials PLA filtration efficiency fibers biodegradable Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Mattia Pierpaoli Chiara Giosuè Natalia Czerwińska Michał Rycewicz Aleksandra Wieloszyńska Robert Bogdanowicz Maria Letizia Ruello Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
description	The enormous world demand for personal protective equipment to face the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has revealed two main weaknesses. On one hand, centralized production led to an initial shortage of respirators; on the other hand, the world demand for single-use equipment has had a direct and inevitable effect on the environment. Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable thermoplastic polyester, mainly derived from corn starch. Electrospinning is an established and reproducible method to obtain nano- and microfibrous materials with a simple apparatus, characterized by high air filtration efficiencies. In the present work, we designed and optimized an open-source electrospinning setup, easily realizable with a 3D printer and using components widely available, for the delocalized production of an efficient and sustainable particulate matter filter. Filters were realized on 3D-printed PLA support, on which PLA fibers were subsequently electrospun. NaCl aerosol filtration tests exhibited an efficiency greater than 95% for aerosol having an equivalent diameter greater than 0.3 μm and a fiber diameter comparable to the commercially available FFP2 melt-blown face mask. The particulate entrapped by the filters when operating in real environments (indoors, outdoors, and working scenario) was also investigated, as well as the amount of heavy metals potentially released into the environment after filtration activity.
format	article
author	Mattia Pierpaoli Chiara Giosuè Natalia Czerwińska Michał Rycewicz Aleksandra Wieloszyńska Robert Bogdanowicz Maria Letizia Ruello
author_facet	Mattia Pierpaoli Chiara Giosuè Natalia Czerwińska Michał Rycewicz Aleksandra Wieloszyńska Robert Bogdanowicz Maria Letizia Ruello
author_sort	Mattia Pierpaoli
title	Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
title_short	Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
title_full	Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
title_fullStr	Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
title_sort	characterization and filtration efficiency of sustainable pla fibers obtained via a hybrid 3d-printed/electrospinning technique
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0e16fba4415f4fc0adf3ced00022118b
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Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique

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