Agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets

Abstract Members of numerous animal species show consistent inter-individual differences in behaviours, but the forces generating animal “personality” or individuality remain unclear. We show that experiences gathered solely from social conflict can establish consistent differences in the decision o...

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Autores principales:	Julia S. Balsam, Paul A. Stevenson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0e1dc51e33474637922df8ef9c8a812c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0e1dc51e33474637922df8ef9c8a812c2021-12-02T17:08:36ZAgonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets10.1038/s41598-021-96201-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0e1dc51e33474637922df8ef9c8a812c2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96201-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Members of numerous animal species show consistent inter-individual differences in behaviours, but the forces generating animal “personality” or individuality remain unclear. We show that experiences gathered solely from social conflict can establish consistent differences in the decision of male crickets to approach or avoid a stimulus directed at one antenna. Adults isolated for 48 h from a colony already exhibit behavioural differences. Prior to staging a single dyadic contest, prospective winners approached the stimulus whereas prospective losers turned away, as they did also after fighting. In contrast, adults raised as nymphs with adult males present but isolated from them as last instar nymphs, all showed avoidance. Furthermore, adults raised without prior adult contact, showed no preferred directional response. However, following a single fight, winners from both these groups showed approach and losers avoidance, but this difference lasted only one day. In contrast, after 6 successive wins or defeats, the different directional responses of multiple winners and losers remained consistent for at least 6 days. Correlation analysis revealed examples of consistent inter-individual differences in the direction and magnitude of turning responses, which also correlated with individual aggressiveness and motility. Together our data reveal that social subjugation, or lack thereof, during post-embryonic and early adult development forges individuality and supports the notion of a proactive–reactive syndrome in crickets.Julia S. BalsamPaul A. StevensonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Julia S. Balsam Paul A. Stevenson Agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets
description	Abstract Members of numerous animal species show consistent inter-individual differences in behaviours, but the forces generating animal “personality” or individuality remain unclear. We show that experiences gathered solely from social conflict can establish consistent differences in the decision of male crickets to approach or avoid a stimulus directed at one antenna. Adults isolated for 48 h from a colony already exhibit behavioural differences. Prior to staging a single dyadic contest, prospective winners approached the stimulus whereas prospective losers turned away, as they did also after fighting. In contrast, adults raised as nymphs with adult males present but isolated from them as last instar nymphs, all showed avoidance. Furthermore, adults raised without prior adult contact, showed no preferred directional response. However, following a single fight, winners from both these groups showed approach and losers avoidance, but this difference lasted only one day. In contrast, after 6 successive wins or defeats, the different directional responses of multiple winners and losers remained consistent for at least 6 days. Correlation analysis revealed examples of consistent inter-individual differences in the direction and magnitude of turning responses, which also correlated with individual aggressiveness and motility. Together our data reveal that social subjugation, or lack thereof, during post-embryonic and early adult development forges individuality and supports the notion of a proactive–reactive syndrome in crickets.
format	article
author	Julia S. Balsam Paul A. Stevenson
author_facet	Julia S. Balsam Paul A. Stevenson
author_sort	Julia S. Balsam
title	Agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets
title_short	Agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets
title_full	Agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets
title_fullStr	Agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets
title_full_unstemmed	Agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets
title_sort	agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0e1dc51e33474637922df8ef9c8a812c
work_keys_str_mv	AT juliasbalsam agonisticexperienceduringdevelopmentestablishesinterindividualdifferencesinapproachavoidancebehaviourofcrickets AT paulastevenson agonisticexperienceduringdevelopmentestablishesinterindividualdifferencesinapproachavoidancebehaviourofcrickets
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Agonistic experience during development establishes inter-individual differences in approach-avoidance behaviour of crickets

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