The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.

<h4>Objective</h4>To develop a fine-grained phenomenological analysis of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.<h4>Methods</h4>An online survey in five language versions (German, English, French, Spanish, Italian) collected data from January to March 2020. A to...

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Autores principales:	Alex Gamma, Thomas Metzinger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0e2220ee6d1743ab8130567f515f427e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0e2220ee6d1743ab8130567f515f427e2021-12-02T20:15:21ZThe Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253694https://doaj.org/article/0e2220ee6d1743ab8130567f515f427e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253694https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objective</h4>To develop a fine-grained phenomenological analysis of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.<h4>Methods</h4>An online survey in five language versions (German, English, French, Spanish, Italian) collected data from January to March 2020. A total of 92 questionnaire items on a visual analogue scale were submitted to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Out of 3627 submitted responses, 1403 were usable. Participants had a median age of 52 years (range: 17-88) and were evenly split between men and women (48.5% vs 50.0%). The majority of meditators practiced regularly (77.3%), were free of diagnosed mental disorders (92.4%) and did not regularly use any psychoactive substances (84.0%). Vipassana (43.9%) followed by Zen (34.9%) were the most frequently practiced meditation techniques. German (63.4%) and English (31.4%) were by far the most frequent questionnaire languages. A solution with 12 factors explaining 44% of the total variance was deemed optimal under joint conceptual and statistical considerations. The factors were named "Time, Effort and Desire," "Peace, Bliss and Silence," "Self-Knowledge, Autonomous Cognizance and Insight," "Wakeful Presence," "Pure Awareness in Dream and Sleep," "Luminosity," "Thoughts and Feelings," "Emptiness and Non-egoic Self-awareness," "Sensory Perception in Body and Space," "Touching World and Self," "Mental Agency," and "Witness Consciousness." This factor structure fit the data moderately well.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We have previously posited a phenomenological prototype for the experience of "pure awareness" as it occurs in the context of meditation practice. Here we offer a tentative 12-factor model to describe its phenomenal character in a fine-grained way. The current findings are in line with an earlier study extracting semantic constraints for a working definition of minimal phenomenal experience.Alex GammaThomas MetzingerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0253694 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alex Gamma Thomas Metzinger The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.
description	<h4>Objective</h4>To develop a fine-grained phenomenological analysis of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.<h4>Methods</h4>An online survey in five language versions (German, English, French, Spanish, Italian) collected data from January to March 2020. A total of 92 questionnaire items on a visual analogue scale were submitted to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.<h4>Results</h4>Out of 3627 submitted responses, 1403 were usable. Participants had a median age of 52 years (range: 17-88) and were evenly split between men and women (48.5% vs 50.0%). The majority of meditators practiced regularly (77.3%), were free of diagnosed mental disorders (92.4%) and did not regularly use any psychoactive substances (84.0%). Vipassana (43.9%) followed by Zen (34.9%) were the most frequently practiced meditation techniques. German (63.4%) and English (31.4%) were by far the most frequent questionnaire languages. A solution with 12 factors explaining 44% of the total variance was deemed optimal under joint conceptual and statistical considerations. The factors were named "Time, Effort and Desire," "Peace, Bliss and Silence," "Self-Knowledge, Autonomous Cognizance and Insight," "Wakeful Presence," "Pure Awareness in Dream and Sleep," "Luminosity," "Thoughts and Feelings," "Emptiness and Non-egoic Self-awareness," "Sensory Perception in Body and Space," "Touching World and Self," "Mental Agency," and "Witness Consciousness." This factor structure fit the data moderately well.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We have previously posited a phenomenological prototype for the experience of "pure awareness" as it occurs in the context of meditation practice. Here we offer a tentative 12-factor model to describe its phenomenal character in a fine-grained way. The current findings are in line with an earlier study extracting semantic constraints for a working definition of minimal phenomenal experience.
format	article
author	Alex Gamma Thomas Metzinger
author_facet	Alex Gamma Thomas Metzinger
author_sort	Alex Gamma
title	The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.
title_short	The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.
title_full	The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.
title_fullStr	The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.
title_full_unstemmed	The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.
title_sort	minimal phenomenal experience questionnaire (mpe-92m): towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0e2220ee6d1743ab8130567f515f427e
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The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.

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