Larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days

Lyudmila P Zakharenko,1,2 Dmitrii V Petrovskii,1 Arcady A Putilov3 1Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; 2Faculty of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; 3Researc...

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Autores principales:	Zakharenko LP, Petrovskii DV, Putilov AA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	sleep-wake pattern morning-evening preference circadian rhythm photoperiod temperature locomotor activity Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0e3a13fea72442108b36a301fac6b88a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0e3a13fea72442108b36a301fac6b88a2021-12-02T02:47:11ZLarks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/0e3a13fea72442108b36a301fac6b88a2018-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/larks-owls-swifts-and-woodcocks-among-fruit-flies-differential-respons-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Lyudmila P Zakharenko,1,2 Dmitrii V Petrovskii,1 Arcady A Putilov3 1Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; 2Faculty of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; 3Research Group for Biomedical Systems Modeling, Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia Purpose: Drosophila melanogaster and our own species share (Homo sapiens) the history of relatively rapid out-of-Africa dispersal. In Eurasia, they had faced a novel adaptive problem of adjustment of their circadian rhythmicity and night sleep episode to seasonal variation in day length and air temperature. Both species usually respond to heat and a short duration of night by reduction of the amount of night sleep and prolongation of “siesta”. To further explore similarities between the two species in the ways of adjustment of their sleep–wake behavior to extreme environmental factors, this study examined the possibility to distinguish four extreme chronotypes among fruit flies and the possibility of the differential response of such chronotypes to light and heat stressors. Materials and methods: Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and sleep–wake pattern were tested in constant darkness, and four strains of fruit flies originating from three wild populations of Africa, Europe, and the USA were selected to represent four distinct chronotypes: “larks” (early morning and evening activity peaks), “owls” (late morning and evening peaks), “swifts” (early morning and late evening peaks), and “woodcocks” (late morning and early evening peaks). The circadian rhythms and sleep efficiency of the selected chronotypes were further tested under such extreme conditions as either long day (LD20:4 at 20°C) or a combination of LD20:4 with hot temperature (29°C). Results: Despite the identity of such experimental conditions for four chronotypes, their circadian rhythms and sleep timing showed significantly distinct patterns of response to exposure to heat and/or long days. All two-way repeated measures analysis of variances yielded a significant interaction between chronotype and time of the day (P<0.001). Conclusion: An experimental study of heritable chronotypes in the fruit fly can facilitate a search for genetic underpinnings of individual variation in vulnerability to circadian misalignment, maladaptive sleep–wake behavior, and sleep disorders. Keywords: sleep–wake pattern, morning–evening preference, circadian rhythm, photoperiod, temperature, locomotor activityZakharenko LPPetrovskii DVPutilov AADove Medical Pressarticlesleep-wake patternmorning-evening preferencecircadian rhythmphotoperiodtemperaturelocomotor activityPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 10, Pp 181-191 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sleep-wake pattern morning-evening preference circadian rhythm photoperiod temperature locomotor activity Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	sleep-wake pattern morning-evening preference circadian rhythm photoperiod temperature locomotor activity Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Zakharenko LP Petrovskii DV Putilov AA Larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days
description	Lyudmila P Zakharenko,1,2 Dmitrii V Petrovskii,1 Arcady A Putilov3 1Department of Insect Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; 2Faculty of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia; 3Research Group for Biomedical Systems Modeling, Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia Purpose: Drosophila melanogaster and our own species share (Homo sapiens) the history of relatively rapid out-of-Africa dispersal. In Eurasia, they had faced a novel adaptive problem of adjustment of their circadian rhythmicity and night sleep episode to seasonal variation in day length and air temperature. Both species usually respond to heat and a short duration of night by reduction of the amount of night sleep and prolongation of “siesta”. To further explore similarities between the two species in the ways of adjustment of their sleep–wake behavior to extreme environmental factors, this study examined the possibility to distinguish four extreme chronotypes among fruit flies and the possibility of the differential response of such chronotypes to light and heat stressors. Materials and methods: Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and sleep–wake pattern were tested in constant darkness, and four strains of fruit flies originating from three wild populations of Africa, Europe, and the USA were selected to represent four distinct chronotypes: “larks” (early morning and evening activity peaks), “owls” (late morning and evening peaks), “swifts” (early morning and late evening peaks), and “woodcocks” (late morning and early evening peaks). The circadian rhythms and sleep efficiency of the selected chronotypes were further tested under such extreme conditions as either long day (LD20:4 at 20°C) or a combination of LD20:4 with hot temperature (29°C). Results: Despite the identity of such experimental conditions for four chronotypes, their circadian rhythms and sleep timing showed significantly distinct patterns of response to exposure to heat and/or long days. All two-way repeated measures analysis of variances yielded a significant interaction between chronotype and time of the day (P<0.001). Conclusion: An experimental study of heritable chronotypes in the fruit fly can facilitate a search for genetic underpinnings of individual variation in vulnerability to circadian misalignment, maladaptive sleep–wake behavior, and sleep disorders. Keywords: sleep–wake pattern, morning–evening preference, circadian rhythm, photoperiod, temperature, locomotor activity
format	article
author	Zakharenko LP Petrovskii DV Putilov AA
author_facet	Zakharenko LP Petrovskii DV Putilov AA
author_sort	Zakharenko LP
title	Larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days
title_short	Larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days
title_full	Larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days
title_fullStr	Larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days
title_full_unstemmed	Larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days
title_sort	larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/0e3a13fea72442108b36a301fac6b88a
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Larks, owls, swifts, and woodcocks among fruit flies: differential responses of four heritable chronotypes to long and hot summer days

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