Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China

With the development of the human population and society, groundwater environmental problems have become an important factor limiting global socioeconomic development, and the study of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and pollution is a current hot issue. In this study, data regarding shall...

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Autores principales:	Jian Sun, Baizhong Yan, Yao Li, Huixiao Sun, Yahui Wang, Jiaqi Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	groundwater quality hydrochemical characteristics sustainable development water–rock interaction Henan Province Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0e3bbc4a66cf40d4b92b4c029e1c4c74
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0e3bbc4a66cf40d4b92b4c029e1c4c742021-11-25T19:02:17ZCharacterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China10.3390/su1322125862071-1050https://doaj.org/article/0e3bbc4a66cf40d4b92b4c029e1c4c742021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12586https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050With the development of the human population and society, groundwater environmental problems have become an important factor limiting global socioeconomic development, and the study of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and pollution is a current hot issue. In this study, data regarding shallow groundwater quality in 76 instances were used to evaluate the quality of shallow groundwater in the plains of Henan Province, China, by using a combination of subjective and objective assignments, mathematical statistics, Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio analysis, and other methods to study the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and its formation mechanism. The results showed that the groundwater quality in most areas of Henan Plain is in good condition, and the proportion of samples with excellent grades and good grades is as high as 43.42% and 35.53%. The range of poor and extremely poor water quality is small, and only five samples are judged as poor and extremely poor grades, mainly distributed in Jiaozuo City, Xinxiang City, Zhoukou City, and Puyang City. The groundwater anionic hydrochemistry is mainly of the HCO<sub>3</sub> type, accounting for 61.84% of the samples and locally transformed downstream to HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>, HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>·Cl, HCO<sub>3</sub>·Cl·SO<sub>4</sub>, and Cl·SO<sub>4</sub>·HCO<sub>3</sub>. Cations are predominantly of the Ca/Mg and Ca–Mg/Mg–Ca type, and gradually transformed to the Na–Ca/Ca–Na and Na–Mg/Mg–Na type along the runoff direction. Water–rock interactions and anthropogenic factors dominate the hydrochemistry evolution, with major geochemical processes involving the precipitation of calcite and dolomite as well as the weathering dissolution of rock salt and fluorite. Human activity is an important factor affecting the distribution of NO<sub>3</sub>–N and Fe<sup>3+</sup>. It is recommended that groundwater be continuously monitored to provide scientific data for sustainable groundwater quality management and that appropriate measures be developed to prevent further degradation of the groundwater environment.Jian SunBaizhong YanYao LiHuixiao SunYahui WangJiaqi ChenMDPI AGarticlegroundwater qualityhydrochemical characteristicssustainable developmentwater–rock interactionHenan ProvinceEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12586, p 12586 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	groundwater quality hydrochemical characteristics sustainable development water–rock interaction Henan Province Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	groundwater quality hydrochemical characteristics sustainable development water–rock interaction Henan Province Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Jian Sun Baizhong Yan Yao Li Huixiao Sun Yahui Wang Jiaqi Chen Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China
description	With the development of the human population and society, groundwater environmental problems have become an important factor limiting global socioeconomic development, and the study of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and pollution is a current hot issue. In this study, data regarding shallow groundwater quality in 76 instances were used to evaluate the quality of shallow groundwater in the plains of Henan Province, China, by using a combination of subjective and objective assignments, mathematical statistics, Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio analysis, and other methods to study the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and its formation mechanism. The results showed that the groundwater quality in most areas of Henan Plain is in good condition, and the proportion of samples with excellent grades and good grades is as high as 43.42% and 35.53%. The range of poor and extremely poor water quality is small, and only five samples are judged as poor and extremely poor grades, mainly distributed in Jiaozuo City, Xinxiang City, Zhoukou City, and Puyang City. The groundwater anionic hydrochemistry is mainly of the HCO<sub>3</sub> type, accounting for 61.84% of the samples and locally transformed downstream to HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>, HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>·Cl, HCO<sub>3</sub>·Cl·SO<sub>4</sub>, and Cl·SO<sub>4</sub>·HCO<sub>3</sub>. Cations are predominantly of the Ca/Mg and Ca–Mg/Mg–Ca type, and gradually transformed to the Na–Ca/Ca–Na and Na–Mg/Mg–Na type along the runoff direction. Water–rock interactions and anthropogenic factors dominate the hydrochemistry evolution, with major geochemical processes involving the precipitation of calcite and dolomite as well as the weathering dissolution of rock salt and fluorite. Human activity is an important factor affecting the distribution of NO<sub>3</sub>–N and Fe<sup>3+</sup>. It is recommended that groundwater be continuously monitored to provide scientific data for sustainable groundwater quality management and that appropriate measures be developed to prevent further degradation of the groundwater environment.
format	article
author	Jian Sun Baizhong Yan Yao Li Huixiao Sun Yahui Wang Jiaqi Chen
author_facet	Jian Sun Baizhong Yan Yao Li Huixiao Sun Yahui Wang Jiaqi Chen
author_sort	Jian Sun
title	Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China
title_short	Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China
title_full	Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China
title_fullStr	Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China
title_sort	characterization and cause analysis of shallow groundwater hydrochemistry in the plains of henan province, china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0e3bbc4a66cf40d4b92b4c029e1c4c74
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Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China

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