Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring

Adolescent males and females differ in their responses to social threat. Yet, threat processing is often probed in non-social contexts using the error-related negativity (ERN; Flanker EEG Task), which does not yield sex-specific outcomes. fMRI studies show inconsistent patterns of sex-specific neura...

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Autores principales:	Tessa Clarkson, Yvette Karvay, Megan Quarmley, Johanna M. Jarcho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Error-Related Negativity Virtual School Paradigm Social Threat FMRI EEG Adolescence Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0e452928d63d4f22a9084d5a26279cb4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0e452928d63d4f22a9084d5a26279cb42021-11-22T04:20:07ZSex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring1878-929310.1016/j.dcn.2021.101038https://doaj.org/article/0e452928d63d4f22a9084d5a26279cb42021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929321001274https://doaj.org/toc/1878-9293Adolescent males and females differ in their responses to social threat. Yet, threat processing is often probed in non-social contexts using the error-related negativity (ERN; Flanker EEG Task), which does not yield sex-specific outcomes. fMRI studies show inconsistent patterns of sex-specific neural engagement during threat processing. Thus, the relation between threat processing in non-social and social contexts across sexes and the effects perceived level of threat on brain function are unclear. We tested the interactive effect of non-social threat-vigilance (ERN), sex (N = 69; Male=34; 11–14-year-olds), and perceived social threat on brain function while anticipating feedback from ‘unpredictable’, ‘nice’, or ‘mean’ purported peers (fMRI; Virtual School Paradigm). Whole-brain analyses revealed differential engagement of precentral and inferior frontal gyri, putamen, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. Among males with more threat-vigilant ERNs, greater social threat was associated with increased activation when anticipating unpredictable feedback. Region of interest analyses revealed this same relation in females in the amygdala and anterior hippocampus when anticipating mean feedback. Thus, non-social threat vigilance relates to neural engagement depending on perceived social threat, but peer-based social contexts and brain regions engaged, differ across sexes. This may partially explain divergent psychosocial outcomes in adolescence.Tessa ClarksonYvette KarvayMegan QuarmleyJohanna M. JarchoElsevierarticleError-Related NegativityVirtual School ParadigmSocial ThreatFMRIEEGAdolescenceNeurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol 52, Iss , Pp 101038- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Error-Related Negativity Virtual School Paradigm Social Threat FMRI EEG Adolescence Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Error-Related Negativity Virtual School Paradigm Social Threat FMRI EEG Adolescence Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Tessa Clarkson Yvette Karvay Megan Quarmley Johanna M. Jarcho Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring
description	Adolescent males and females differ in their responses to social threat. Yet, threat processing is often probed in non-social contexts using the error-related negativity (ERN; Flanker EEG Task), which does not yield sex-specific outcomes. fMRI studies show inconsistent patterns of sex-specific neural engagement during threat processing. Thus, the relation between threat processing in non-social and social contexts across sexes and the effects perceived level of threat on brain function are unclear. We tested the interactive effect of non-social threat-vigilance (ERN), sex (N = 69; Male=34; 11–14-year-olds), and perceived social threat on brain function while anticipating feedback from ‘unpredictable’, ‘nice’, or ‘mean’ purported peers (fMRI; Virtual School Paradigm). Whole-brain analyses revealed differential engagement of precentral and inferior frontal gyri, putamen, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. Among males with more threat-vigilant ERNs, greater social threat was associated with increased activation when anticipating unpredictable feedback. Region of interest analyses revealed this same relation in females in the amygdala and anterior hippocampus when anticipating mean feedback. Thus, non-social threat vigilance relates to neural engagement depending on perceived social threat, but peer-based social contexts and brain regions engaged, differ across sexes. This may partially explain divergent psychosocial outcomes in adolescence.
format	article
author	Tessa Clarkson Yvette Karvay Megan Quarmley Johanna M. Jarcho
author_facet	Tessa Clarkson Yvette Karvay Megan Quarmley Johanna M. Jarcho
author_sort	Tessa Clarkson
title	Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring
title_short	Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring
title_full	Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring
title_fullStr	Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring
title_full_unstemmed	Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring
title_sort	sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0e452928d63d4f22a9084d5a26279cb4
work_keys_str_mv	AT tessaclarkson sexdifferencesinneuralmechanismsofsocialandnonsocialthreatmonitoring AT yvettekarvay sexdifferencesinneuralmechanismsofsocialandnonsocialthreatmonitoring AT meganquarmley sexdifferencesinneuralmechanismsofsocialandnonsocialthreatmonitoring AT johannamjarcho sexdifferencesinneuralmechanismsofsocialandnonsocialthreatmonitoring
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Sex differences in neural mechanisms of social and non-social threat monitoring

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