Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging

Abstract When opening a box of mixed nuts, a common experience is to find the largest nuts at the top. This well-known effect is the result of size-segregation where differently sized ‘particles’ sort themselves into distinct layers when shaken, vibrated or sheared. Colloquially this is known as the...

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Autores principales:	Parmesh Gajjar, Chris G. Johnson, James Carr, Kevin Chrispeels, J. M. N. T. Gray, Philip J. Withers
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0e662af927b04fbcb9d7fc9d6529b740
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0e662af927b04fbcb9d7fc9d6529b7402021-12-02T16:45:14ZSize segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging10.1038/s41598-021-87280-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0e662af927b04fbcb9d7fc9d6529b7402021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87280-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract When opening a box of mixed nuts, a common experience is to find the largest nuts at the top. This well-known effect is the result of size-segregation where differently sized ‘particles’ sort themselves into distinct layers when shaken, vibrated or sheared. Colloquially this is known as the ‘Brazil-nut effect’. While there have been many studies into the phenomena, difficulties observing granular materials mean that we still know relatively little about the process by which irregular larger particles (the Brazil nuts) reach the top. Here, for the first time, we capture the complex dynamics of Brazil nut motion within a sheared nut mixture through time-lapse X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). We have found that the Brazil nuts do not start to rise until they have first rotated sufficiently towards the vertical axis and then ultimately return to a flat orientation when they reach the surface. We also consider why certain Brazil nuts do not rise through the pack. This study highlights the important role of particle shape and orientation in segregation. Further, this ability to track the motion in 3D will pave the way for new experimental studies of segregating mixtures and will open the door to even more realistic simulations and powerful predictive models. Understanding the effect of size and shape on segregation has implications far beyond food products including various anti-mixing behaviors critical to many industries such as pharmaceuticals and mining.Parmesh GajjarChris G. JohnsonJames CarrKevin ChrispeelsJ. M. N. T. GrayPhilip J. WithersNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Parmesh Gajjar Chris G. Johnson James Carr Kevin Chrispeels J. M. N. T. Gray Philip J. Withers Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging
description	Abstract When opening a box of mixed nuts, a common experience is to find the largest nuts at the top. This well-known effect is the result of size-segregation where differently sized ‘particles’ sort themselves into distinct layers when shaken, vibrated or sheared. Colloquially this is known as the ‘Brazil-nut effect’. While there have been many studies into the phenomena, difficulties observing granular materials mean that we still know relatively little about the process by which irregular larger particles (the Brazil nuts) reach the top. Here, for the first time, we capture the complex dynamics of Brazil nut motion within a sheared nut mixture through time-lapse X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). We have found that the Brazil nuts do not start to rise until they have first rotated sufficiently towards the vertical axis and then ultimately return to a flat orientation when they reach the surface. We also consider why certain Brazil nuts do not rise through the pack. This study highlights the important role of particle shape and orientation in segregation. Further, this ability to track the motion in 3D will pave the way for new experimental studies of segregating mixtures and will open the door to even more realistic simulations and powerful predictive models. Understanding the effect of size and shape on segregation has implications far beyond food products including various anti-mixing behaviors critical to many industries such as pharmaceuticals and mining.
format	article
author	Parmesh Gajjar Chris G. Johnson James Carr Kevin Chrispeels J. M. N. T. Gray Philip J. Withers
author_facet	Parmesh Gajjar Chris G. Johnson James Carr Kevin Chrispeels J. M. N. T. Gray Philip J. Withers
author_sort	Parmesh Gajjar
title	Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging
title_short	Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging
title_full	Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging
title_fullStr	Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging
title_full_unstemmed	Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging
title_sort	size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3d imaging
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0e662af927b04fbcb9d7fc9d6529b740
work_keys_str_mv	AT parmeshgajjar sizesegregationofirregulargranularmaterialscapturedbytimeresolved3dimaging AT chrisgjohnson sizesegregationofirregulargranularmaterialscapturedbytimeresolved3dimaging AT jamescarr sizesegregationofirregulargranularmaterialscapturedbytimeresolved3dimaging AT kevinchrispeels sizesegregationofirregulargranularmaterialscapturedbytimeresolved3dimaging AT jmntgray sizesegregationofirregulargranularmaterialscapturedbytimeresolved3dimaging AT philipjwithers sizesegregationofirregulargranularmaterialscapturedbytimeresolved3dimaging
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Size segregation of irregular granular materials captured by time-resolved 3D imaging

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