Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience.

CGD is an immunodeficiency caused by deletions or mutations in genes that encode subunits of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase complex. Normally, assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex in phagosomes of certain phagocytic cells leads to a "respiratory burst", essential for the clearance of phagocy...

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Autores principales: J Merlijn van den Berg, Elsbeth van Koppen, Anders Ahlin, Bernd H Belohradsky, Ewa Bernatowska, Lucien Corbeel, Teresa Español, Alain Fischer, Magdalena Kurenko-Deptuch, Richard Mouy, Theoni Petropoulou, Joachim Roesler, Reinhard Seger, Marie-José Stasia, Niels H Valerius, Ron S Weening, Baruch Wolach, Dirk Roos, Taco W Kuijpers
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:0e663008f09b445ca39a8b97a56d53802021-11-25T06:16:03ZChronic granulomatous disease: the European experience.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0005234https://doaj.org/article/0e663008f09b445ca39a8b97a56d53802009-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19381301/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203CGD is an immunodeficiency caused by deletions or mutations in genes that encode subunits of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase complex. Normally, assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex in phagosomes of certain phagocytic cells leads to a "respiratory burst", essential for the clearance of phagocytosed micro-organisms. CGD patients lack this mechanism, which leads to life-threatening infections and granuloma formation. However, a clear picture of the clinical course of CGD is hampered by its low prevalence (approximately 1:250,000). Therefore, extensive clinical data from 429 European patients were collected and analyzed. Of these patients 351 were males and 78 were females. X-linked (XL) CGD (gp91(phox) deficient) accounted for 67% of the cases, autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance for 33%. AR-CGD was diagnosed later in life, and the mean survival time was significantly better in AR patients (49.6 years) than in XL CGD (37.8 years), suggesting a milder disease course in AR patients. The disease manifested itself most frequently in the lungs (66% of patients), skin (53%), lymph nodes (50%), gastrointestinal tract (48%) and liver (32%). The most frequently cultured micro-organisms per episode were Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Aspergillus spp. (26%), and Salmonella spp. (16%). Surprisingly, Pseudomonas spp. (2%) and Burkholderia cepacia (<1%) were found only sporadically. Lesions induced by inoculation with BCG occurred in 8% of the patients. Only 71% of the patients received antibiotic maintenance therapy, and 53% antifungal prophylaxis. 33% were treated with gamma-interferon. 24 patients (6%) had received a stem cell transplantation. The most prominent reason of death was pneumonia and pulmonary abscess (18/84 cases), septicemia (16/84) and brain abscess (4/84). These data provide further insight in the clinical course of CGD in Europe and hopefully can help to increase awareness and optimize the treatment of these patients.J Merlijn van den BergElsbeth van KoppenAnders AhlinBernd H BelohradskyEwa BernatowskaLucien CorbeelTeresa EspañolAlain FischerMagdalena Kurenko-DeptuchRichard MouyTheoni PetropoulouJoachim RoeslerReinhard SegerMarie-José StasiaNiels H ValeriusRon S WeeningBaruch WolachDirk RoosTaco W KuijpersPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 4, p e5234 (2009)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
J Merlijn van den Berg
Elsbeth van Koppen
Anders Ahlin
Bernd H Belohradsky
Ewa Bernatowska
Lucien Corbeel
Teresa Español
Alain Fischer
Magdalena Kurenko-Deptuch
Richard Mouy
Theoni Petropoulou
Joachim Roesler
Reinhard Seger
Marie-José Stasia
Niels H Valerius
Ron S Weening
Baruch Wolach
Dirk Roos
Taco W Kuijpers
Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience.
description CGD is an immunodeficiency caused by deletions or mutations in genes that encode subunits of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase complex. Normally, assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex in phagosomes of certain phagocytic cells leads to a "respiratory burst", essential for the clearance of phagocytosed micro-organisms. CGD patients lack this mechanism, which leads to life-threatening infections and granuloma formation. However, a clear picture of the clinical course of CGD is hampered by its low prevalence (approximately 1:250,000). Therefore, extensive clinical data from 429 European patients were collected and analyzed. Of these patients 351 were males and 78 were females. X-linked (XL) CGD (gp91(phox) deficient) accounted for 67% of the cases, autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance for 33%. AR-CGD was diagnosed later in life, and the mean survival time was significantly better in AR patients (49.6 years) than in XL CGD (37.8 years), suggesting a milder disease course in AR patients. The disease manifested itself most frequently in the lungs (66% of patients), skin (53%), lymph nodes (50%), gastrointestinal tract (48%) and liver (32%). The most frequently cultured micro-organisms per episode were Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Aspergillus spp. (26%), and Salmonella spp. (16%). Surprisingly, Pseudomonas spp. (2%) and Burkholderia cepacia (<1%) were found only sporadically. Lesions induced by inoculation with BCG occurred in 8% of the patients. Only 71% of the patients received antibiotic maintenance therapy, and 53% antifungal prophylaxis. 33% were treated with gamma-interferon. 24 patients (6%) had received a stem cell transplantation. The most prominent reason of death was pneumonia and pulmonary abscess (18/84 cases), septicemia (16/84) and brain abscess (4/84). These data provide further insight in the clinical course of CGD in Europe and hopefully can help to increase awareness and optimize the treatment of these patients.
format article
author J Merlijn van den Berg
Elsbeth van Koppen
Anders Ahlin
Bernd H Belohradsky
Ewa Bernatowska
Lucien Corbeel
Teresa Español
Alain Fischer
Magdalena Kurenko-Deptuch
Richard Mouy
Theoni Petropoulou
Joachim Roesler
Reinhard Seger
Marie-José Stasia
Niels H Valerius
Ron S Weening
Baruch Wolach
Dirk Roos
Taco W Kuijpers
author_facet J Merlijn van den Berg
Elsbeth van Koppen
Anders Ahlin
Bernd H Belohradsky
Ewa Bernatowska
Lucien Corbeel
Teresa Español
Alain Fischer
Magdalena Kurenko-Deptuch
Richard Mouy
Theoni Petropoulou
Joachim Roesler
Reinhard Seger
Marie-José Stasia
Niels H Valerius
Ron S Weening
Baruch Wolach
Dirk Roos
Taco W Kuijpers
author_sort J Merlijn van den Berg
title Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience.
title_short Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience.
title_full Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience.
title_fullStr Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience.
title_full_unstemmed Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience.
title_sort chronic granulomatous disease: the european experience.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2009
url https://doaj.org/article/0e663008f09b445ca39a8b97a56d5380
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