Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are ancient and ubiquitous immune effectors that multicellular organisms use to kill and police microbes whereas antibiotics are mostly employed by microorganisms. As antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mostly target the cell wall, a microbial 'Achilles heel', it...

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Autores principales:	Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas, Olga Makarova, Jens Rolff
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ea30814105841edba3fa8e089e9142f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ea30814105841edba3fa8e089e9142f2021-11-25T05:45:56ZAntimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1004445https://doaj.org/article/0ea30814105841edba3fa8e089e9142f2014-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004445https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Cationic antimicrobial peptides are ancient and ubiquitous immune effectors that multicellular organisms use to kill and police microbes whereas antibiotics are mostly employed by microorganisms. As antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mostly target the cell wall, a microbial 'Achilles heel', it has been proposed that bacterial resistance evolution is very unlikely and hence AMPs are ancient 'weapons' of multicellular organisms. Here we provide a new hypothesis to explain the widespread distribution of AMPs amongst multicellular organism. Studying five antimicrobial peptides from vertebrates and insects, we show, using a classic Luria-Delbrück fluctuation assay, that cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) do not increase bacterial mutation rates. Moreover, using rtPCR and disc diffusion assays we find that AMPs do not elicit SOS or rpoS bacterial stress pathways. This is in contrast to the main classes of antibiotics that elevate mutagenesis via eliciting the SOS and rpoS pathways. The notion of the 'Achilles heel' has been challenged by experimental selection for AMP-resistance, but our findings offer a new perspective on the evolutionary success of AMPs. Employing AMPs seems advantageous for multicellular organisms, as it does not fuel the adaptation of bacteria to their immune defenses. This has important consequences for our understanding of host-microbe interactions, the evolution of innate immune defenses, and also sheds new light on antimicrobial resistance evolution and the use of AMPs as drugs.Alexandro Rodríguez-RojasOlga MakarovaJens RolffPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 10, p e1004445 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas Olga Makarova Jens Rolff Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.
description	Cationic antimicrobial peptides are ancient and ubiquitous immune effectors that multicellular organisms use to kill and police microbes whereas antibiotics are mostly employed by microorganisms. As antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mostly target the cell wall, a microbial 'Achilles heel', it has been proposed that bacterial resistance evolution is very unlikely and hence AMPs are ancient 'weapons' of multicellular organisms. Here we provide a new hypothesis to explain the widespread distribution of AMPs amongst multicellular organism. Studying five antimicrobial peptides from vertebrates and insects, we show, using a classic Luria-Delbrück fluctuation assay, that cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) do not increase bacterial mutation rates. Moreover, using rtPCR and disc diffusion assays we find that AMPs do not elicit SOS or rpoS bacterial stress pathways. This is in contrast to the main classes of antibiotics that elevate mutagenesis via eliciting the SOS and rpoS pathways. The notion of the 'Achilles heel' has been challenged by experimental selection for AMP-resistance, but our findings offer a new perspective on the evolutionary success of AMPs. Employing AMPs seems advantageous for multicellular organisms, as it does not fuel the adaptation of bacteria to their immune defenses. This has important consequences for our understanding of host-microbe interactions, the evolution of innate immune defenses, and also sheds new light on antimicrobial resistance evolution and the use of AMPs as drugs.
format	article
author	Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas Olga Makarova Jens Rolff
author_facet	Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas Olga Makarova Jens Rolff
author_sort	Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas
title	Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.
title_short	Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.
title_full	Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.
title_fullStr	Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.
title_full_unstemmed	Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.
title_sort	antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ea30814105841edba3fa8e089e9142f
work_keys_str_mv	AT alexandrorodriguezrojas antimicrobialsstressandmutagenesis AT olgamakarova antimicrobialsstressandmutagenesis AT jensrolff antimicrobialsstressandmutagenesis
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Antimicrobials, stress and mutagenesis.

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