Consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.

Extreme climate events such as heat waves are expected to increase in frequency under global change. As one indirect effect, they can alter magnitude and direction of species interactions, for example those between hosts and parasites. We simulated a summer heat wave to investigate how a changing en...

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Autores principales:	Susanne H Landis, Martin Kalbe, Thorsten B H Reusch, Olivia Roth
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ea353473c994adaa3f0e8b0a4ff035d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ea353473c994adaa3f0e8b0a4ff035d2021-11-18T07:29:10ZConsistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0030658https://doaj.org/article/0ea353473c994adaa3f0e8b0a4ff035d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22303448/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Extreme climate events such as heat waves are expected to increase in frequency under global change. As one indirect effect, they can alter magnitude and direction of species interactions, for example those between hosts and parasites. We simulated a summer heat wave to investigate how a changing environment affects the interaction between the broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle) as a host and its digenean trematode parasite (Cryptocotyle lingua). In a fully reciprocal laboratory infection experiment, pipefish from three different coastal locations were exposed to sympatric and allopatric trematode cercariae. In order to examine whether an extreme climatic event disrupts patterns of locally adapted host-parasite combinations we measured the parasite's transmission success as well as the host's adaptive and innate immune defence under control and heat wave conditions. Independent of temperature, sympatric cercariae were always more successful than allopatric ones, indicating that parasites are locally adapted to their hosts. Hosts suffered from heat stress as suggested by fewer cells of the adaptive immune system (lymphocytes) compared to the same groups that were kept at 18°C. However, the proportion of the innate immune cells (monocytes) was higher in the 18°C water. Contrary to our expectations, no interaction between host immune defence, parasite infectivity and temperature stress were found, nor did the pattern of local adaptation change due to increased water temperature. Thus, in this host-parasite interaction, the sympatric parasite keeps ahead of the coevolutionary dynamics across sites, even under increasing temperatures as expected under marine global warming.Susanne H LandisMartin KalbeThorsten B H ReuschOlivia RothPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e30658 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Susanne H Landis Martin Kalbe Thorsten B H Reusch Olivia Roth Consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.
description	Extreme climate events such as heat waves are expected to increase in frequency under global change. As one indirect effect, they can alter magnitude and direction of species interactions, for example those between hosts and parasites. We simulated a summer heat wave to investigate how a changing environment affects the interaction between the broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle) as a host and its digenean trematode parasite (Cryptocotyle lingua). In a fully reciprocal laboratory infection experiment, pipefish from three different coastal locations were exposed to sympatric and allopatric trematode cercariae. In order to examine whether an extreme climatic event disrupts patterns of locally adapted host-parasite combinations we measured the parasite's transmission success as well as the host's adaptive and innate immune defence under control and heat wave conditions. Independent of temperature, sympatric cercariae were always more successful than allopatric ones, indicating that parasites are locally adapted to their hosts. Hosts suffered from heat stress as suggested by fewer cells of the adaptive immune system (lymphocytes) compared to the same groups that were kept at 18°C. However, the proportion of the innate immune cells (monocytes) was higher in the 18°C water. Contrary to our expectations, no interaction between host immune defence, parasite infectivity and temperature stress were found, nor did the pattern of local adaptation change due to increased water temperature. Thus, in this host-parasite interaction, the sympatric parasite keeps ahead of the coevolutionary dynamics across sites, even under increasing temperatures as expected under marine global warming.
format	article
author	Susanne H Landis Martin Kalbe Thorsten B H Reusch Olivia Roth
author_facet	Susanne H Landis Martin Kalbe Thorsten B H Reusch Olivia Roth
author_sort	Susanne H Landis
title	Consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.
title_short	Consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.
title_full	Consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.
title_fullStr	Consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.
title_full_unstemmed	Consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.
title_sort	consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ea353473c994adaa3f0e8b0a4ff035d
work_keys_str_mv	AT susannehlandis consistentpatternoflocaladaptationduringanexperimentalheatwaveinapipefishtrematodehostparasitesystem AT martinkalbe consistentpatternoflocaladaptationduringanexperimentalheatwaveinapipefishtrematodehostparasitesystem AT thorstenbhreusch consistentpatternoflocaladaptationduringanexperimentalheatwaveinapipefishtrematodehostparasitesystem AT oliviaroth consistentpatternoflocaladaptationduringanexperimentalheatwaveinapipefishtrematodehostparasitesystem
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Consistent pattern of local adaptation during an experimental heat wave in a pipefish-trematode host-parasite system.

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