Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update

Meir Nitzan,1 Ayal Romem,2 Robert Koppel31Department of Physics/Electro-Optics, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel; 2Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; 3Neonatal/Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York/North Shore-LIJ...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Nitzan M, Romem A, Koppel R
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	Medical technology R855-855.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0eb0cb26e0a94c36b003924bec1dc840
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:0eb0cb26e0a94c36b003924bec1dc840
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0eb0cb26e0a94c36b003924bec1dc8402021-12-02T07:20:33ZPulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update1179-1470https://doaj.org/article/0eb0cb26e0a94c36b003924bec1dc8402014-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/pulse-oximetry-fundamentals-and-technology-update-a17512https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1470 Meir Nitzan,1 Ayal Romem,2 Robert Koppel31Department of Physics/Electro-Optics, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel; 2Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; 3Neonatal/Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York/North Shore-LIJ Health System, New Hyde Park, NY, United StatesAbstract: Oxygen saturation in the arterial blood (SaO2) provides information on the adequacy of respiratory function. SaO2 can be assessed noninvasively by pulse oximetry, which is based on photoplethysmographic pulses in two wavelengths, generally in the red and infrared regions. The calibration of the measured photoplethysmographic signals is performed empirically for each type of commercial pulse-oximeter sensor, utilizing in vitro measurement of SaO2 in extracted arterial blood by means of co-oximetry. Due to the discrepancy between the measurement of SaO2 by pulse oximetry and the invasive technique, the former is denoted as SpO2. Manufacturers of pulse oximeters generally claim an accuracy of 2%, evaluated by the standard deviation (SD) of the differences between SpO2 and SaO2, measured simultaneously in healthy subjects. However, an SD of 2% reflects an expected error of 4% (two SDs) or more in 5% of the examinations, which is in accordance with an error of 3%–4%, reported in clinical studies. This level of accuracy is sufficient for the detection of a significant decline in respiratory function in patients, and pulse oximetry has been accepted as a reliable technique for that purpose. The accuracy of SpO2 measurement is insufficient in several situations, such as critically ill patients receiving supplemental oxygen, and can be hazardous if it leads to elevated values of oxygen partial pressure in blood. In particular, preterm newborns are vulnerable to retinopathy of prematurity induced by high oxygen concentration in the blood. The low accuracy of SpO2 measurement in critically ill patients and newborns can be attributed to the empirical calibration process, which is performed on healthy volunteers. Other limitations of pulse oximetry include the presence of dyshemoglobins, which has been addressed by multiwavelength pulse oximetry, as well as low perfusion and motion artifacts that are partially rectified by sophisticated algorithms and also by reflection pulse oximetry.Keywords: oxygen saturation, pulse oximetry, photoplethysmography, arterial blood, venous bloodNitzan MRomem AKoppel RDove Medical PressarticleMedical technologyR855-855.5ENMedical Devices: Evidence and Research, Vol 2014, Iss default, Pp 231-239 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medical technology R855-855.5
spellingShingle	Medical technology R855-855.5 Nitzan M Romem A Koppel R Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update
description	Meir Nitzan,1 Ayal Romem,2 Robert Koppel31Department of Physics/Electro-Optics, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel; 2Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; 3Neonatal/Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York/North Shore-LIJ Health System, New Hyde Park, NY, United StatesAbstract: Oxygen saturation in the arterial blood (SaO2) provides information on the adequacy of respiratory function. SaO2 can be assessed noninvasively by pulse oximetry, which is based on photoplethysmographic pulses in two wavelengths, generally in the red and infrared regions. The calibration of the measured photoplethysmographic signals is performed empirically for each type of commercial pulse-oximeter sensor, utilizing in vitro measurement of SaO2 in extracted arterial blood by means of co-oximetry. Due to the discrepancy between the measurement of SaO2 by pulse oximetry and the invasive technique, the former is denoted as SpO2. Manufacturers of pulse oximeters generally claim an accuracy of 2%, evaluated by the standard deviation (SD) of the differences between SpO2 and SaO2, measured simultaneously in healthy subjects. However, an SD of 2% reflects an expected error of 4% (two SDs) or more in 5% of the examinations, which is in accordance with an error of 3%–4%, reported in clinical studies. This level of accuracy is sufficient for the detection of a significant decline in respiratory function in patients, and pulse oximetry has been accepted as a reliable technique for that purpose. The accuracy of SpO2 measurement is insufficient in several situations, such as critically ill patients receiving supplemental oxygen, and can be hazardous if it leads to elevated values of oxygen partial pressure in blood. In particular, preterm newborns are vulnerable to retinopathy of prematurity induced by high oxygen concentration in the blood. The low accuracy of SpO2 measurement in critically ill patients and newborns can be attributed to the empirical calibration process, which is performed on healthy volunteers. Other limitations of pulse oximetry include the presence of dyshemoglobins, which has been addressed by multiwavelength pulse oximetry, as well as low perfusion and motion artifacts that are partially rectified by sophisticated algorithms and also by reflection pulse oximetry.Keywords: oxygen saturation, pulse oximetry, photoplethysmography, arterial blood, venous blood
format	article
author	Nitzan M Romem A Koppel R
author_facet	Nitzan M Romem A Koppel R
author_sort	Nitzan M
title	Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update
title_short	Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update
title_full	Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update
title_fullStr	Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update
title_full_unstemmed	Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update
title_sort	pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/0eb0cb26e0a94c36b003924bec1dc840
work_keys_str_mv	AT nitzanm pulseoximetryfundamentalsandtechnologyupdate AT romema pulseoximetryfundamentalsandtechnologyupdate AT koppelr pulseoximetryfundamentalsandtechnologyupdate
_version_	1718399441836179456

Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update

Ejemplares similares