Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 2020

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), a virus belonging to the Circoviridae family, is considered to be associated with respiratory and neurological signs, cardiac and multisystemic inflammation, reproductive failure, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome-like disease in pigs (Sus scrofa). In...

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Autores principales:	Meng Ge, Jie Ren, Yi-Lin Xie, Dun Zhao, Fang-Cheng Fan, Xiao-Qin Song, Man-Xiang Li, Chao-Ting Xiao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	China complete genome genetic divergence PCV3 prevalence Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0eb341e4df904002bb3c15b486955bbd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0eb341e4df904002bb3c15b486955bbd2021-12-01T22:08:09ZPrevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 20202297-176910.3389/fvets.2021.773912https://doaj.org/article/0eb341e4df904002bb3c15b486955bbd2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.773912/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), a virus belonging to the Circoviridae family, is considered to be associated with respiratory and neurological signs, cardiac and multisystemic inflammation, reproductive failure, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome-like disease in pigs (Sus scrofa). In this study, epidemiological and serological investigations of PCV3 in clinically healthy pigs from different regions of China were performed. Overall, 42.87% (1,101/2,568) of pigs were positive for PCV3 Cap antibody via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a higher prevalence of PCV3 in multiparous sows (62.22%, 881/1,416) and fattening pigs (28.96%, 159/549) than in suckling piglets (8.96%, 32/357) and nursery pigs (11.79%, 29/246). Of the 2,568 samples, 255 were further tested for PCV3 DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and 63.14% of these were positive, with nearly half having <10 virus copies. The PCV3 DNA and antibody positivity rates were high in the pig serum samples; however, the virus titers and antibody levels were both low, indicating that the humoral immune response of PCV3-infected pigs was weak or lagging, and persistent or repeated infections could occur. Additionally, the complete genomes of 23 PCV3 strains were sequenced and analyzed, which showed nucleotide identities of 98.5~100.0%, 98.6~100.0%, and 99.2~100.0% in the complete genome, open reading frame (ORF)2, and ORF1 sequences, respectively, and amino acid identities of 96.7~100.0% and 99.3~100.0% in the capsid and replicase proteins, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on ORF2 nucleotide sequences indicated that the PCV3 strains obtained in the present study could be classified into three sub-clades, with most strains clustered into clade 3c, indicating that PCV3c is the dominant subtype in the regions of China investigated. In general, the present study revealed a high prevalence and high genetic divergence of PCV3 among Chinese pig herds, and indicated that the potential effect of PCV3 on the pig industry may be a concern.Meng GeMeng GeJie RenYi-Lin XieDun ZhaoFang-Cheng FanXiao-Qin SongMan-Xiang LiMan-Xiang LiChao-Ting XiaoFrontiers Media S.A.articleChinacomplete genomegenetic divergencePCV3prevalenceVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENFrontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	China complete genome genetic divergence PCV3 prevalence Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	China complete genome genetic divergence PCV3 prevalence Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Meng Ge Meng Ge Jie Ren Yi-Lin Xie Dun Zhao Fang-Cheng Fan Xiao-Qin Song Man-Xiang Li Man-Xiang Li Chao-Ting Xiao Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 2020
description	Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), a virus belonging to the Circoviridae family, is considered to be associated with respiratory and neurological signs, cardiac and multisystemic inflammation, reproductive failure, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome-like disease in pigs (Sus scrofa). In this study, epidemiological and serological investigations of PCV3 in clinically healthy pigs from different regions of China were performed. Overall, 42.87% (1,101/2,568) of pigs were positive for PCV3 Cap antibody via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a higher prevalence of PCV3 in multiparous sows (62.22%, 881/1,416) and fattening pigs (28.96%, 159/549) than in suckling piglets (8.96%, 32/357) and nursery pigs (11.79%, 29/246). Of the 2,568 samples, 255 were further tested for PCV3 DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction, and 63.14% of these were positive, with nearly half having <10 virus copies. The PCV3 DNA and antibody positivity rates were high in the pig serum samples; however, the virus titers and antibody levels were both low, indicating that the humoral immune response of PCV3-infected pigs was weak or lagging, and persistent or repeated infections could occur. Additionally, the complete genomes of 23 PCV3 strains were sequenced and analyzed, which showed nucleotide identities of 98.5~100.0%, 98.6~100.0%, and 99.2~100.0% in the complete genome, open reading frame (ORF)2, and ORF1 sequences, respectively, and amino acid identities of 96.7~100.0% and 99.3~100.0% in the capsid and replicase proteins, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on ORF2 nucleotide sequences indicated that the PCV3 strains obtained in the present study could be classified into three sub-clades, with most strains clustered into clade 3c, indicating that PCV3c is the dominant subtype in the regions of China investigated. In general, the present study revealed a high prevalence and high genetic divergence of PCV3 among Chinese pig herds, and indicated that the potential effect of PCV3 on the pig industry may be a concern.
format	article
author	Meng Ge Meng Ge Jie Ren Yi-Lin Xie Dun Zhao Fang-Cheng Fan Xiao-Qin Song Man-Xiang Li Man-Xiang Li Chao-Ting Xiao
author_facet	Meng Ge Meng Ge Jie Ren Yi-Lin Xie Dun Zhao Fang-Cheng Fan Xiao-Qin Song Man-Xiang Li Man-Xiang Li Chao-Ting Xiao
author_sort	Meng Ge
title	Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 2020
title_short	Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 2020
title_full	Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 2020
title_fullStr	Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 2020
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 2020
title_sort	prevalence and genetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 in china from 2019 to 2020
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0eb341e4df904002bb3c15b486955bbd
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Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China From 2019 to 2020

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