Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study

Abstract Background Early uptake of multiple risky behaviours during adolescence, such as substance use, antisocial and sexual behaviours, can lead to poor health outcomes without timely interventions. This study investigated how early-life maternal attachment, or emotional bonds between mothers and...

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Autores principales:	Beatrice D. Reyes, Dougal S. Hargreaves, Hanna Creese
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Maternal attachment Multiple risky behaviours Alcohol consumption Gambling Antisocial behaviour Criminal engagement Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ed14d3c2e654d41b0df95718b796ad0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ed14d3c2e654d41b0df95718b796ad02021-11-14T12:14:30ZEarly-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study10.1186/s12889-021-12141-51471-2458https://doaj.org/article/0ed14d3c2e654d41b0df95718b796ad02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12141-5https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2458Abstract Background Early uptake of multiple risky behaviours during adolescence, such as substance use, antisocial and sexual behaviours, can lead to poor health outcomes without timely interventions. This study investigated how early-life maternal attachment, or emotional bonds between mothers and infants, influenced later risky behaviours in adolescence alongside other potential explanatory pathways using the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. Methods Total maternal attachment scores measured at 9 months using the Condon (1998) Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale compared higher and lower attachment, where mothers in the lowest 10th percentile represented lower attachment. Multiple risky behaviours, defined as two or more risky behaviours (including smoking cigarettes, vaping, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, antisocial behaviour, criminal engagement, unsafe sex, and gambling), were scored from 0 to 8 at age 17. Five multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between maternal attachment and multiple risky behaviours among Millennium Cohort Study members (n = 7796). Mediation analysis sequentially adjusted for blocks of explanatory mechanisms, including low attachment mechanisms (multiple births, infant prematurity, sex, breastfeeding, unplanned pregnancy and maternal age at birth), maternal depression, and social inequalities (single-parent status, socioeconomic circumstance by maternal education and household income) at 9 months and poor adolescent mental health at 14 years. Results Children of mothers with lower maternal attachment at 9 months had 23% increased odds of multiple risky behaviours at 17 years (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00–1.50) in the unadjusted baseline model. All five explanatory blocks attenuated baseline odds. Low attachment mechanisms attenuated 13%, social inequalities 17%, and poor mental health 17%. Maternal depression attenuated the highest proportion (26%) after fully adjusting for all factors (30%). Conclusions Lower maternal attachment in early life predicted increased adolescent multiple risky behaviours. Almost a third of the excess risk was attributable to child, maternal and socioeconomic factors, with over a quarter explained by maternal depression. Recognising the influence of early-life risk factors on adolescent health could innovate current policies and interventions addressing multiple risky behaviour uptake affecting health inequalities across the life course.Beatrice D. ReyesDougal S. HargreavesHanna CreeseBMCarticleMaternal attachmentMultiple risky behavioursAlcohol consumptionGamblingAntisocial behaviourCriminal engagementPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENBMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Maternal attachment Multiple risky behaviours Alcohol consumption Gambling Antisocial behaviour Criminal engagement Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Maternal attachment Multiple risky behaviours Alcohol consumption Gambling Antisocial behaviour Criminal engagement Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Beatrice D. Reyes Dougal S. Hargreaves Hanna Creese Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
description	Abstract Background Early uptake of multiple risky behaviours during adolescence, such as substance use, antisocial and sexual behaviours, can lead to poor health outcomes without timely interventions. This study investigated how early-life maternal attachment, or emotional bonds between mothers and infants, influenced later risky behaviours in adolescence alongside other potential explanatory pathways using the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. Methods Total maternal attachment scores measured at 9 months using the Condon (1998) Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale compared higher and lower attachment, where mothers in the lowest 10th percentile represented lower attachment. Multiple risky behaviours, defined as two or more risky behaviours (including smoking cigarettes, vaping, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, antisocial behaviour, criminal engagement, unsafe sex, and gambling), were scored from 0 to 8 at age 17. Five multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between maternal attachment and multiple risky behaviours among Millennium Cohort Study members (n = 7796). Mediation analysis sequentially adjusted for blocks of explanatory mechanisms, including low attachment mechanisms (multiple births, infant prematurity, sex, breastfeeding, unplanned pregnancy and maternal age at birth), maternal depression, and social inequalities (single-parent status, socioeconomic circumstance by maternal education and household income) at 9 months and poor adolescent mental health at 14 years. Results Children of mothers with lower maternal attachment at 9 months had 23% increased odds of multiple risky behaviours at 17 years (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00–1.50) in the unadjusted baseline model. All five explanatory blocks attenuated baseline odds. Low attachment mechanisms attenuated 13%, social inequalities 17%, and poor mental health 17%. Maternal depression attenuated the highest proportion (26%) after fully adjusting for all factors (30%). Conclusions Lower maternal attachment in early life predicted increased adolescent multiple risky behaviours. Almost a third of the excess risk was attributable to child, maternal and socioeconomic factors, with over a quarter explained by maternal depression. Recognising the influence of early-life risk factors on adolescent health could innovate current policies and interventions addressing multiple risky behaviour uptake affecting health inequalities across the life course.
format	article
author	Beatrice D. Reyes Dougal S. Hargreaves Hanna Creese
author_facet	Beatrice D. Reyes Dougal S. Hargreaves Hanna Creese
author_sort	Beatrice D. Reyes
title	Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
title_short	Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
title_full	Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
title_fullStr	Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed	Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study
title_sort	early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the united kingdom millennium cohort study
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ed14d3c2e654d41b0df95718b796ad0
work_keys_str_mv	AT beatricedreyes earlylifematernalattachmentandriskyhealthbehavioursinadolescencefindingsfromtheunitedkingdommillenniumcohortstudy AT dougalshargreaves earlylifematernalattachmentandriskyhealthbehavioursinadolescencefindingsfromtheunitedkingdommillenniumcohortstudy AT hannacreese earlylifematernalattachmentandriskyhealthbehavioursinadolescencefindingsfromtheunitedkingdommillenniumcohortstudy
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Early-life maternal attachment and risky health behaviours in adolescence: findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study

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