Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice

Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein found at high concentrations within exocrine secretions, including tears. Low levels of lactoferrin have been implicated in the loss of tear secretion and ageing. Furthermore, lactoferrin possesses a range of functionalities, including anti-inflammatory properties and t...

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Autores principales:	Samuel Connell, Motoko Kawashima, Shigeru Nakamura, Toshihiro Imada, Hiromitsu Yamamoto, Kazuo Tsubota, Shinji Fukuda
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	lactoferrin lacrimal gland dry eye gut microbiota short-chain fatty acid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ee2aa4aeab44ddb888832970177a2fd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ee2aa4aeab44ddb888832970177a2fd2021-11-25T17:56:06ZLactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice10.3390/ijms2222123841422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/0ee2aa4aeab44ddb888832970177a2fd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12384https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein found at high concentrations within exocrine secretions, including tears. Low levels of lactoferrin have been implicated in the loss of tear secretion and ageing. Furthermore, lactoferrin possesses a range of functionalities, including anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to modulate the gut microbiota. Expanding evidence demonstrates a crucial role of the gut microbiota in immune regulation and development. The specific composition of bacterial species of the gut has a profound influence on local and systemic inflammation, leading to a protective capacity against a number of inflammatory diseases, potentially by the induction of regulatory immune cells. In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of lactoferrin maintains tear secretion in a restraint and desiccating stress induced mouse model of dry eye disease. Furthermore, we revealed that lactoferrin induces the reduction of inflammatory cytokines, modulates gut microbiota, and induces short-chain fatty acid production. Whereas, the antibiotic vancomycin abrogates the effects of lactoferrin on dry eye disease and significantly reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Therefore, this protective effect of LF against a mice model of DED may be explained by our observations of an altered gut microbiota and an enhanced production of immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids.Samuel ConnellMotoko KawashimaShigeru NakamuraToshihiro ImadaHiromitsu YamamotoKazuo TsubotaShinji FukudaMDPI AGarticlelactoferrinlacrimal glanddry eyegut microbiotashort-chain fatty acidBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12384, p 12384 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lactoferrin lacrimal gland dry eye gut microbiota short-chain fatty acid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	lactoferrin lacrimal gland dry eye gut microbiota short-chain fatty acid Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Samuel Connell Motoko Kawashima Shigeru Nakamura Toshihiro Imada Hiromitsu Yamamoto Kazuo Tsubota Shinji Fukuda Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice
description	Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein found at high concentrations within exocrine secretions, including tears. Low levels of lactoferrin have been implicated in the loss of tear secretion and ageing. Furthermore, lactoferrin possesses a range of functionalities, including anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to modulate the gut microbiota. Expanding evidence demonstrates a crucial role of the gut microbiota in immune regulation and development. The specific composition of bacterial species of the gut has a profound influence on local and systemic inflammation, leading to a protective capacity against a number of inflammatory diseases, potentially by the induction of regulatory immune cells. In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of lactoferrin maintains tear secretion in a restraint and desiccating stress induced mouse model of dry eye disease. Furthermore, we revealed that lactoferrin induces the reduction of inflammatory cytokines, modulates gut microbiota, and induces short-chain fatty acid production. Whereas, the antibiotic vancomycin abrogates the effects of lactoferrin on dry eye disease and significantly reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Therefore, this protective effect of LF against a mice model of DED may be explained by our observations of an altered gut microbiota and an enhanced production of immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids.
format	article
author	Samuel Connell Motoko Kawashima Shigeru Nakamura Toshihiro Imada Hiromitsu Yamamoto Kazuo Tsubota Shinji Fukuda
author_facet	Samuel Connell Motoko Kawashima Shigeru Nakamura Toshihiro Imada Hiromitsu Yamamoto Kazuo Tsubota Shinji Fukuda
author_sort	Samuel Connell
title	Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_short	Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_full	Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_fullStr	Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_full_unstemmed	Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_sort	lactoferrin ameliorates dry eye disease potentially through enhancement of short-chain fatty acid production by gut microbiota in mice
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ee2aa4aeab44ddb888832970177a2fd
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Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice

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