Value of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo
Eleonore Fröhlich Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment and in consumer products can cause immunotoxic effects. The immune system is very complex, and in vivo studies are the gold standard for evalua...
Guardado en:
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Dove Medical Press
2015
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/0ee6c6e9fd3247e3bbea75f0fd4dc301 |
| Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| id |
oai:doaj.org-article:0ee6c6e9fd3247e3bbea75f0fd4dc301 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
oai:doaj.org-article:0ee6c6e9fd3247e3bbea75f0fd4dc3012021-12-02T07:13:42ZValue of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/0ee6c6e9fd3247e3bbea75f0fd4dc3012015-05-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/value-of-phagocyte-function-screening-fornbspimmunotoxicity-of-nanopar-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Eleonore Fröhlich Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment and in consumer products can cause immunotoxic effects. The immune system is very complex, and in vivo studies are the gold standard for evaluation. Due to the increased amount of NPs that are being developed, cellular screening assays to decrease the amount of NPs that have to be tested in vivo are highly needed. Effects on the unspecific immune system, such as effects on phagocytes, might be suitable for screening for immunotoxicity because these cells mediate unspecific and specific immune responses. They are present at epithelial barriers, in the blood, and in almost all organs. This review summarizes the effects of carbon, metal, and metal oxide NPs used in consumer and medical applications (gold, silver, titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanotubes) and polystyrene NPs on the immune system. Effects in animal exposures through different routes are compared to the effects on isolated phagocytes. In addition, general problems in the testing of NPs, such as unknown exposure doses, as well as interference with assays are mentioned. NPs appear to induce a specific immunotoxic pattern consisting of the induction of inflammation in normal animals and aggravation of pathologies in disease models. The evaluation of particle action on several phagocyte functions in vitro may provide an indication on the potency of the particles to induce immunotoxicity in vivo. In combination with information on realistic exposure levels, in vitro studies on phagocytes may provide useful information on the health risks of NPs. Keywords: immunotoxicity, phagocytes, cytokines, respiratory burst, nitric oxide generation, phagocytosisFröhlich EDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 3761-3778 (2015) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Medicine (General) R5-920 |
| spellingShingle |
Medicine (General) R5-920 Fröhlich E Value of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo |
| description |
Eleonore Fröhlich Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment and in consumer products can cause immunotoxic effects. The immune system is very complex, and in vivo studies are the gold standard for evaluation. Due to the increased amount of NPs that are being developed, cellular screening assays to decrease the amount of NPs that have to be tested in vivo are highly needed. Effects on the unspecific immune system, such as effects on phagocytes, might be suitable for screening for immunotoxicity because these cells mediate unspecific and specific immune responses. They are present at epithelial barriers, in the blood, and in almost all organs. This review summarizes the effects of carbon, metal, and metal oxide NPs used in consumer and medical applications (gold, silver, titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanotubes) and polystyrene NPs on the immune system. Effects in animal exposures through different routes are compared to the effects on isolated phagocytes. In addition, general problems in the testing of NPs, such as unknown exposure doses, as well as interference with assays are mentioned. NPs appear to induce a specific immunotoxic pattern consisting of the induction of inflammation in normal animals and aggravation of pathologies in disease models. The evaluation of particle action on several phagocyte functions in vitro may provide an indication on the potency of the particles to induce immunotoxicity in vivo. In combination with information on realistic exposure levels, in vitro studies on phagocytes may provide useful information on the health risks of NPs. Keywords: immunotoxicity, phagocytes, cytokines, respiratory burst, nitric oxide generation, phagocytosis |
| format |
article |
| author |
Fröhlich E |
| author_facet |
Fröhlich E |
| author_sort |
Fröhlich E |
| title |
Value of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo |
| title_short |
Value of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo |
| title_full |
Value of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo |
| title_fullStr |
Value of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Value of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo |
| title_sort |
value of phagocyte function screening for immunotoxicity of nanoparticles in vivo |
| publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/0ee6c6e9fd3247e3bbea75f0fd4dc301 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT frohliche valueofphagocytefunctionscreeningfornbspimmunotoxicityofnanoparticlesinvivo |
| _version_ |
1718399500764053504 |