Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine

Abdallah Damin Abukhalil,1 Liana AbuKhdeir,1 Malak Hamed,1 Ni’meh Al Shami,1 Hani A Naseef,1 Banan M Aiesh,2 Ali Sabateen2 1Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine; 2An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Pal...

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Autores principales:	Abukhalil AD, AbuKhdeir L, Hamed M, Al Shami N, Naseef HA, Aiesh BM, Sabateen A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	clostridium difficile infection clostridium difficile risk factors community-acquired cdi hospital acquired cdi ppi antibiotics Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ef0007e3b3d4d32899e86b7fa4be6fd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ef0007e3b3d4d32899e86b7fa4be6fd2021-11-09T18:40:35ZCharacteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine1178-6973https://doaj.org/article/0ef0007e3b3d4d32899e86b7fa4be6fd2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/characteristics-risk-factors-and-prevalence-of-clostridioides-difficil-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDRhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-6973Abdallah Damin Abukhalil,1 Liana AbuKhdeir,1 Malak Hamed,1 Ni’meh Al Shami,1 Hani A Naseef,1 Banan M Aiesh,2 Ali Sabateen2 1Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine; 2An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, PalestineCorrespondence: Abdallah Damin AbukhalilPharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Birzeit, West Bank, PalestineTel +970-598204036Fax +970-2-2982017Email Adkhalil@birzeit.eduPurpose: Clostridioides difficile is one of the most important nosocomial infection pathogens. It is linked with many risk factors. Unfortunately, many studies have been conducted in different countries to address the Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI), and no studies have been conducted in Palestine. This study aims to identify the prevalence and possible risk factors associated with CDI.Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH) in Palestine. Data were collected for patients diagnosed with CDI who tested positive for GDH, toxins A and B between January 2018 and April 30, 2021. In addition, patient characteristics and risk factors associated with CDI were analyzed.Results: A total of 593 participants were included in the study; 53% had hospital-acquired CDI. There was an insignificant association between participant age and CDI risk. Most patients had mild to moderate infections. Sixty-three percent of the participants were immunocompromised. About 58.5% used an antibiotic agent two weeks before CDI, and 67% were on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). About 61.3% of patients were treated according to IDSA 2017 guidelines, and 94% responded adequately to the treatment provided.Conclusion: There was an increased prevalence of community-acquired CDI, with a prevalence almost equal to that of hospital-acquired. In addition, most of the participants were immunocompromised. The risk factors for CDI, such as antibiotics and PPI use, were also observed with high prevalence among positive patients. Antimicrobial stewardship and the appropriate use of acid suppressors are warranted.Keywords: Clostridium difficile infection, Clostridium difficile risk factors, community-acquired CDI, hospital-acquired CDI, PPI, antibioticsAbukhalil ADAbuKhdeir LHamed MAl Shami NNaseef HAAiesh BMSabateen ADove Medical Pressarticleclostridium difficile infectionclostridium difficile risk factorscommunity-acquired cdihospital acquired cdippiantibioticsInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENInfection and Drug Resistance, Vol Volume 14, Pp 4681-4688 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	clostridium difficile infection clostridium difficile risk factors community-acquired cdi hospital acquired cdi ppi antibiotics Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	clostridium difficile infection clostridium difficile risk factors community-acquired cdi hospital acquired cdi ppi antibiotics Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Abukhalil AD AbuKhdeir L Hamed M Al Shami N Naseef HA Aiesh BM Sabateen A Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine
description	Abdallah Damin Abukhalil,1 Liana AbuKhdeir,1 Malak Hamed,1 Ni’meh Al Shami,1 Hani A Naseef,1 Banan M Aiesh,2 Ali Sabateen2 1Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine; 2An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, PalestineCorrespondence: Abdallah Damin AbukhalilPharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Birzeit, West Bank, PalestineTel +970-598204036Fax +970-2-2982017Email Adkhalil@birzeit.eduPurpose: Clostridioides difficile is one of the most important nosocomial infection pathogens. It is linked with many risk factors. Unfortunately, many studies have been conducted in different countries to address the Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI), and no studies have been conducted in Palestine. This study aims to identify the prevalence and possible risk factors associated with CDI.Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the An-Najah National University Hospital (NNUH) in Palestine. Data were collected for patients diagnosed with CDI who tested positive for GDH, toxins A and B between January 2018 and April 30, 2021. In addition, patient characteristics and risk factors associated with CDI were analyzed.Results: A total of 593 participants were included in the study; 53% had hospital-acquired CDI. There was an insignificant association between participant age and CDI risk. Most patients had mild to moderate infections. Sixty-three percent of the participants were immunocompromised. About 58.5% used an antibiotic agent two weeks before CDI, and 67% were on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). About 61.3% of patients were treated according to IDSA 2017 guidelines, and 94% responded adequately to the treatment provided.Conclusion: There was an increased prevalence of community-acquired CDI, with a prevalence almost equal to that of hospital-acquired. In addition, most of the participants were immunocompromised. The risk factors for CDI, such as antibiotics and PPI use, were also observed with high prevalence among positive patients. Antimicrobial stewardship and the appropriate use of acid suppressors are warranted.Keywords: Clostridium difficile infection, Clostridium difficile risk factors, community-acquired CDI, hospital-acquired CDI, PPI, antibiotics
format	article
author	Abukhalil AD AbuKhdeir L Hamed M Al Shami N Naseef HA Aiesh BM Sabateen A
author_facet	Abukhalil AD AbuKhdeir L Hamed M Al Shami N Naseef HA Aiesh BM Sabateen A
author_sort	Abukhalil AD
title	Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine
title_short	Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine
title_full	Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine
title_fullStr	Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine
title_full_unstemmed	Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine
title_sort	characteristics, risk factors, and prevalence of clostridioides difficile among hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital in palestine
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ef0007e3b3d4d32899e86b7fa4be6fd
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Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Palestine

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