Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities

Oral ingestion is the predominant pathway of metal(loid)s exposure. In this study, the health risks of typical metal(loid)s (including Mn, As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) via multi-source, oral pathways for children aged 3–12 years, living in an area of China dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry,...

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Autores principales:	Beibei Wang, Chunye Lin, Hongguang Cheng, Xiaoli Duan, Qin Wang, Dongqun Xu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	health risk children multi-source ingestion exposure metal(loid)s electronic manufacturing activities Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ef133447030436983031438fa4c206e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ef133447030436983031438fa4c206e2021-11-11T16:31:18ZHealth Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities10.3390/ijerph1821114091660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/0ef133447030436983031438fa4c206e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11409https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Oral ingestion is the predominant pathway of metal(loid)s exposure. In this study, the health risks of typical metal(loid)s (including Mn, As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) via multi-source, oral pathways for children aged 3–12 years, living in an area of China dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry, were studied based on the field sampling of duplicated diet, soil, and drinking water. Child-specific ingestion parameters were measured (except the soil ingestion rates, which were from a previous study of the same population), and a Monte Carlo method was applied to determine the uncertainty of the risk assessment. It was observed that children living in such environments were at risk of metal(loid)s exposure, with the accumulative carcinogenic risk exceeding the maximum acceptable level. Food intake was identified to be the primary exposure pathway. Moreover, Pb and Cr were the major risk elements to local children’s health. Compared with primary school students, kindergarten children experienced a higher risk. This study highlights that high attention should be paid to children living in suburban areas dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry, and that priority should be given to studies on metal(loid)s exposure deriving from different types of food and their corresponding bioavailability, in order to further discern the precise risk sources to protect children’s health.Beibei WangChunye LinHongguang ChengXiaoli DuanQin WangDongqun XuMDPI AGarticlehealth riskchildrenmulti-source ingestion exposuremetal(loid)selectronic manufacturing activitiesMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11409, p 11409 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	health risk children multi-source ingestion exposure metal(loid)s electronic manufacturing activities Medicine R
spellingShingle	health risk children multi-source ingestion exposure metal(loid)s electronic manufacturing activities Medicine R Beibei Wang Chunye Lin Hongguang Cheng Xiaoli Duan Qin Wang Dongqun Xu Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities
description	Oral ingestion is the predominant pathway of metal(loid)s exposure. In this study, the health risks of typical metal(loid)s (including Mn, As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) via multi-source, oral pathways for children aged 3–12 years, living in an area of China dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry, were studied based on the field sampling of duplicated diet, soil, and drinking water. Child-specific ingestion parameters were measured (except the soil ingestion rates, which were from a previous study of the same population), and a Monte Carlo method was applied to determine the uncertainty of the risk assessment. It was observed that children living in such environments were at risk of metal(loid)s exposure, with the accumulative carcinogenic risk exceeding the maximum acceptable level. Food intake was identified to be the primary exposure pathway. Moreover, Pb and Cr were the major risk elements to local children’s health. Compared with primary school students, kindergarten children experienced a higher risk. This study highlights that high attention should be paid to children living in suburban areas dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry, and that priority should be given to studies on metal(loid)s exposure deriving from different types of food and their corresponding bioavailability, in order to further discern the precise risk sources to protect children’s health.
format	article
author	Beibei Wang Chunye Lin Hongguang Cheng Xiaoli Duan Qin Wang Dongqun Xu
author_facet	Beibei Wang Chunye Lin Hongguang Cheng Xiaoli Duan Qin Wang Dongqun Xu
author_sort	Beibei Wang
title	Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities
title_short	Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities
title_full	Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities
title_fullStr	Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities
title_full_unstemmed	Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities
title_sort	health risk assessment of metals via multi-source oral exposure for children living in areas with intense electronic manufacturing activities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ef133447030436983031438fa4c206e
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Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities

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