Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature

Abstract Patterns of temperature fluctuations in nature affect numerous biological processes, yet, empirical studies often utilize constant temperature treatments. This can limit our understanding of how thermally sensitive species respond to ecologically relevant temperatures. Research on turtles w...

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Autores principales:	A. W. Carter, B. M. Sadd, T. D. Tuberville, R. T. Paitz, R. M. Bowden
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ef184d052924d2e88e2cad081348645
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ef184d052924d2e88e2cad0813486452021-12-02T15:08:06ZShort heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature10.1038/s41598-017-17708-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0ef184d052924d2e88e2cad0813486452018-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17708-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Patterns of temperature fluctuations in nature affect numerous biological processes, yet, empirical studies often utilize constant temperature treatments. This can limit our understanding of how thermally sensitive species respond to ecologically relevant temperatures. Research on turtles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) provides good examples of this, since nest temperatures from many populations rarely exceed those necessary to produce females under constant laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that exposure to brief periods of warm temperatures (i.e., heat waves) are integral to sex determination in species with TSD, which requires tests that move beyond constant temperatures. We exposed Trachemys scripta embryos from multiple populations and across the nesting season to heat waves of variable durations and quantified sex ratios. We found that embryos from all populations were highly sensitive to brief exposures to female producing temperatures; only 7.9 days of exposure produced a 50:50 sex ratio, but the response varied across the nesting season. From these findings, a model was developed to estimate sex ratios from field temperature traces, and this model outperformed traditional methods. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of TSD and emphasize the importance of using biologically relevant temperatures when studying thermally sensitive processes.A. W. CarterB. M. SaddT. D. TubervilleR. T. PaitzR. M. BowdenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q A. W. Carter B. M. Sadd T. D. Tuberville R. T. Paitz R. M. Bowden Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature
description	Abstract Patterns of temperature fluctuations in nature affect numerous biological processes, yet, empirical studies often utilize constant temperature treatments. This can limit our understanding of how thermally sensitive species respond to ecologically relevant temperatures. Research on turtles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) provides good examples of this, since nest temperatures from many populations rarely exceed those necessary to produce females under constant laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that exposure to brief periods of warm temperatures (i.e., heat waves) are integral to sex determination in species with TSD, which requires tests that move beyond constant temperatures. We exposed Trachemys scripta embryos from multiple populations and across the nesting season to heat waves of variable durations and quantified sex ratios. We found that embryos from all populations were highly sensitive to brief exposures to female producing temperatures; only 7.9 days of exposure produced a 50:50 sex ratio, but the response varied across the nesting season. From these findings, a model was developed to estimate sex ratios from field temperature traces, and this model outperformed traditional methods. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of TSD and emphasize the importance of using biologically relevant temperatures when studying thermally sensitive processes.
format	article
author	A. W. Carter B. M. Sadd T. D. Tuberville R. T. Paitz R. M. Bowden
author_facet	A. W. Carter B. M. Sadd T. D. Tuberville R. T. Paitz R. M. Bowden
author_sort	A. W. Carter
title	Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature
title_short	Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature
title_full	Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature
title_fullStr	Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature
title_full_unstemmed	Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature
title_sort	short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ef184d052924d2e88e2cad081348645
work_keys_str_mv	AT awcarter shortheatwavesduringfluctuatingincubationregimesproducefemalesundertemperaturedependentsexdeterminationwithimplicationsforsexratiosinnature AT bmsadd shortheatwavesduringfluctuatingincubationregimesproducefemalesundertemperaturedependentsexdeterminationwithimplicationsforsexratiosinnature AT tdtuberville shortheatwavesduringfluctuatingincubationregimesproducefemalesundertemperaturedependentsexdeterminationwithimplicationsforsexratiosinnature AT rtpaitz shortheatwavesduringfluctuatingincubationregimesproducefemalesundertemperaturedependentsexdeterminationwithimplicationsforsexratiosinnature AT rmbowden shortheatwavesduringfluctuatingincubationregimesproducefemalesundertemperaturedependentsexdeterminationwithimplicationsforsexratiosinnature
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Short heatwaves during fluctuating incubation regimes produce females under temperature-dependent sex determination with implications for sex ratios in nature

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