Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir

Oil reservoirs can represent extreme environments for microbial life due to low water availability, high salinity, high pressure and naturally occurring radionuclides. This study investigated the microbiome of saline formation water samples from a Gulf of Mexico oil reservoir. Metagenomic analysis a...

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Autores principales:	Gabrielle Scheffer, Casey R. J. Hubert, Dennis R. Enning, Sven Lahme, Jaspreet Mand, Júlia R. de Rezende
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Gulf of Mexico marine subsurface formation water polyextremophiles microbial adaptation microbial persistence Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f140e2a20ec41428803c964bab4c365
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f140e2a20ec41428803c964bab4c3652021-11-25T18:24:43ZMetagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir10.3390/microorganisms91122662076-2607https://doaj.org/article/0f140e2a20ec41428803c964bab4c3652021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2266https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Oil reservoirs can represent extreme environments for microbial life due to low water availability, high salinity, high pressure and naturally occurring radionuclides. This study investigated the microbiome of saline formation water samples from a Gulf of Mexico oil reservoir. Metagenomic analysis and associated anaerobic enrichment cultures enabled investigations into metabolic potential for microbial activity and persistence in this environment given its high salinity (4.5%) and low nutrient availability. Preliminary 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed very low microbial diversity. Accordingly, deep shotgun sequencing resulted in nine metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including members of novel lineages QPJE01 (genus level) within the <i>Halanaerobiaceae</i>, and BM520 (family level) within the <i>Bacteroidales</i>. Genomes of the nine organisms included respiratory pathways such as nitrate reduction (in <i>Arhodomonas</i>, <i>Flexistipes</i>, <i>Geotoga</i> and <i>Marinobacter</i> MAGs) and thiosulfate reduction (in <i>Arhodomonas</i>, <i>Flexistipes</i> and <i>Geotoga</i> MAGs). Genomic evidence for adaptation to high salinity, withstanding radioactivity, and metal acquisition was also observed in different MAGs, possibly explaining their occurrence in this extreme habitat. Other metabolic features included the potential for quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and genes for forming endospores in some cases. Understanding the microbiomes of deep biosphere environments sheds light on the capabilities of uncultivated subsurface microorganisms and their potential roles in subsurface settings, including during oil recovery operations.Gabrielle SchefferCasey R. J. HubertDennis R. EnningSven LahmeJaspreet MandJúlia R. de RezendeMDPI AGarticleGulf of Mexicomarine subsurfaceformation waterpolyextremophilesmicrobial adaptationmicrobial persistenceBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2266, p 2266 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Gulf of Mexico marine subsurface formation water polyextremophiles microbial adaptation microbial persistence Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Gulf of Mexico marine subsurface formation water polyextremophiles microbial adaptation microbial persistence Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Gabrielle Scheffer Casey R. J. Hubert Dennis R. Enning Sven Lahme Jaspreet Mand Júlia R. de Rezende Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir
description	Oil reservoirs can represent extreme environments for microbial life due to low water availability, high salinity, high pressure and naturally occurring radionuclides. This study investigated the microbiome of saline formation water samples from a Gulf of Mexico oil reservoir. Metagenomic analysis and associated anaerobic enrichment cultures enabled investigations into metabolic potential for microbial activity and persistence in this environment given its high salinity (4.5%) and low nutrient availability. Preliminary 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed very low microbial diversity. Accordingly, deep shotgun sequencing resulted in nine metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including members of novel lineages QPJE01 (genus level) within the <i>Halanaerobiaceae</i>, and BM520 (family level) within the <i>Bacteroidales</i>. Genomes of the nine organisms included respiratory pathways such as nitrate reduction (in <i>Arhodomonas</i>, <i>Flexistipes</i>, <i>Geotoga</i> and <i>Marinobacter</i> MAGs) and thiosulfate reduction (in <i>Arhodomonas</i>, <i>Flexistipes</i> and <i>Geotoga</i> MAGs). Genomic evidence for adaptation to high salinity, withstanding radioactivity, and metal acquisition was also observed in different MAGs, possibly explaining their occurrence in this extreme habitat. Other metabolic features included the potential for quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and genes for forming endospores in some cases. Understanding the microbiomes of deep biosphere environments sheds light on the capabilities of uncultivated subsurface microorganisms and their potential roles in subsurface settings, including during oil recovery operations.
format	article
author	Gabrielle Scheffer Casey R. J. Hubert Dennis R. Enning Sven Lahme Jaspreet Mand Júlia R. de Rezende
author_facet	Gabrielle Scheffer Casey R. J. Hubert Dennis R. Enning Sven Lahme Jaspreet Mand Júlia R. de Rezende
author_sort	Gabrielle Scheffer
title	Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir
title_short	Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir
title_full	Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir
title_fullStr	Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir
title_full_unstemmed	Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir
title_sort	metagenomic investigation of a low diversity, high salinity offshore oil reservoir
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f140e2a20ec41428803c964bab4c365
work_keys_str_mv	AT gabriellescheffer metagenomicinvestigationofalowdiversityhighsalinityoffshoreoilreservoir AT caseyrjhubert metagenomicinvestigationofalowdiversityhighsalinityoffshoreoilreservoir AT dennisrenning metagenomicinvestigationofalowdiversityhighsalinityoffshoreoilreservoir AT svenlahme metagenomicinvestigationofalowdiversityhighsalinityoffshoreoilreservoir AT jaspreetmand metagenomicinvestigationofalowdiversityhighsalinityoffshoreoilreservoir AT juliarderezende metagenomicinvestigationofalowdiversityhighsalinityoffshoreoilreservoir
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Metagenomic Investigation of a Low Diversity, High Salinity Offshore Oil Reservoir

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