Acidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method

Field application of organic slurries contributes considerably to emissions of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) which causes sever environmental damage and can result in lower nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency. In recent years, field acidification systems have been introduced to reduce such NH&...

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Autores principales:	Christian Wagner, Tavs Nyord, Annette Vibeke Vestergaard, Sasha Daniel Hafner, Andreas Siegfried Pacholski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	acidification slurry ammonia emission application method dynamic chamber fertiliser Agriculture (General) S1-972
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f1a4a5a37df4d449e8e9e0649152d47
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f1a4a5a37df4d449e8e9e0649152d472021-11-25T15:58:20ZAcidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method10.3390/agriculture111110532077-0472https://doaj.org/article/0f1a4a5a37df4d449e8e9e0649152d472021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1053https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472Field application of organic slurries contributes considerably to emissions of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) which causes sever environmental damage and can result in lower nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency. In recent years, field acidification systems have been introduced to reduce such NH<sub>3</sub> emissions. However, combined field data on ammonia emissions and N use efficiency of acidified slurries, in particular by practical acidification systems, are scarce. Here, we present for the first time a simultaneous in situ assessment of the effects of acidification of five different organic slurries with a commercial acidifications system combined with different application techniques. The analysis was performed in randomized plot trials in winter wheat and spring barley after two applications to each crop (before tillering and after flag leave emergence) in year 2014 in Denmark. Slurry types included cattle slurry, mink slurry, pig slurry, anaerobic digestate, and the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate. Tested application techniques were trail hose application with and without slurry acidification in winter wheat and slurry injection and incorporation compared to trail hose application with and without acidification in spring barley. Slurries were applied on 9 m × 9 m plots separated by buffer areas of the same dimension. Ammonia emission was determined by a combination of semi-quantitative acid traps scaled by absolute emissions obtained from Draeger Tube Method dynamic chamber measurements. Experimental results were analysed by mixed effects models and HSD post hoc test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant and almost quantitative NH<sub>3</sub> emission reduction compared to trail hose application was observed in the barley trial by slurry incorporation of acidified slurry (89% reduction) and closed slot injection (96% reduction), while incorporation alone decreased emissions by 60%. In the two applications to winter wheat, compared to trail hose application of non-acidified slurry, acidification reduced NH<sub>3</sub> emissions by 61% and 67% in cattle slurry, in anaerobic digestate by 45% and 57% and liquid phase of anaerobic digestate by 58%, respectively. Similar effects but on a lower emission level were observed in mink slurry, while acidification showed almost no effect in pig slurry. Acidifying animal manure with a commercial system was confirmed to consistently reduce NH<sub>3</sub> emissions of most slurry types, and emission reductions were similar as from experimental acidification systems. However, failure to reduce ammonia emissions in pig slurry hint to technical limitations of such systems. Winter wheat and spring barley yields were only partly significantly increased by use of ammonia emission mitigation measures, while there were significant positive effects on apparent nitrogen use efficiency (+17–28%). The assessment of the agronomic effects of acidification requires further investigations.Christian WagnerTavs NyordAnnette Vibeke VestergaardSasha Daniel HafnerAndreas Siegfried PacholskiMDPI AGarticleacidificationslurryammonia emissionapplication methoddynamic chamberfertiliserAgriculture (General)S1-972ENAgriculture, Vol 11, Iss 1053, p 1053 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	acidification slurry ammonia emission application method dynamic chamber fertiliser Agriculture (General) S1-972
spellingShingle	acidification slurry ammonia emission application method dynamic chamber fertiliser Agriculture (General) S1-972 Christian Wagner Tavs Nyord Annette Vibeke Vestergaard Sasha Daniel Hafner Andreas Siegfried Pacholski Acidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method
description	Field application of organic slurries contributes considerably to emissions of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) which causes sever environmental damage and can result in lower nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency. In recent years, field acidification systems have been introduced to reduce such NH<sub>3</sub> emissions. However, combined field data on ammonia emissions and N use efficiency of acidified slurries, in particular by practical acidification systems, are scarce. Here, we present for the first time a simultaneous in situ assessment of the effects of acidification of five different organic slurries with a commercial acidifications system combined with different application techniques. The analysis was performed in randomized plot trials in winter wheat and spring barley after two applications to each crop (before tillering and after flag leave emergence) in year 2014 in Denmark. Slurry types included cattle slurry, mink slurry, pig slurry, anaerobic digestate, and the liquid phase of anaerobic digestate. Tested application techniques were trail hose application with and without slurry acidification in winter wheat and slurry injection and incorporation compared to trail hose application with and without acidification in spring barley. Slurries were applied on 9 m × 9 m plots separated by buffer areas of the same dimension. Ammonia emission was determined by a combination of semi-quantitative acid traps scaled by absolute emissions obtained from Draeger Tube Method dynamic chamber measurements. Experimental results were analysed by mixed effects models and HSD post hoc test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant and almost quantitative NH<sub>3</sub> emission reduction compared to trail hose application was observed in the barley trial by slurry incorporation of acidified slurry (89% reduction) and closed slot injection (96% reduction), while incorporation alone decreased emissions by 60%. In the two applications to winter wheat, compared to trail hose application of non-acidified slurry, acidification reduced NH<sub>3</sub> emissions by 61% and 67% in cattle slurry, in anaerobic digestate by 45% and 57% and liquid phase of anaerobic digestate by 58%, respectively. Similar effects but on a lower emission level were observed in mink slurry, while acidification showed almost no effect in pig slurry. Acidifying animal manure with a commercial system was confirmed to consistently reduce NH<sub>3</sub> emissions of most slurry types, and emission reductions were similar as from experimental acidification systems. However, failure to reduce ammonia emissions in pig slurry hint to technical limitations of such systems. Winter wheat and spring barley yields were only partly significantly increased by use of ammonia emission mitigation measures, while there were significant positive effects on apparent nitrogen use efficiency (+17–28%). The assessment of the agronomic effects of acidification requires further investigations.
format	article
author	Christian Wagner Tavs Nyord Annette Vibeke Vestergaard Sasha Daniel Hafner Andreas Siegfried Pacholski
author_facet	Christian Wagner Tavs Nyord Annette Vibeke Vestergaard Sasha Daniel Hafner Andreas Siegfried Pacholski
author_sort	Christian Wagner
title	Acidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method
title_short	Acidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method
title_full	Acidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method
title_fullStr	Acidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method
title_full_unstemmed	Acidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method
title_sort	acidification effects on in situ ammonia emissions and cereal yields depending on slurry type and application method
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f1a4a5a37df4d449e8e9e0649152d47
work_keys_str_mv	AT christianwagner acidificationeffectsoninsituammoniaemissionsandcerealyieldsdependingonslurrytypeandapplicationmethod AT tavsnyord acidificationeffectsoninsituammoniaemissionsandcerealyieldsdependingonslurrytypeandapplicationmethod AT annettevibekevestergaard acidificationeffectsoninsituammoniaemissionsandcerealyieldsdependingonslurrytypeandapplicationmethod AT sashadanielhafner acidificationeffectsoninsituammoniaemissionsandcerealyieldsdependingonslurrytypeandapplicationmethod AT andreassiegfriedpacholski acidificationeffectsoninsituammoniaemissionsandcerealyieldsdependingonslurrytypeandapplicationmethod
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Acidification Effects on In Situ Ammonia Emissions and Cereal Yields Depending on Slurry Type and Application Method

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