Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017

Hungary has had one of the highest suicide mortality rates in the world for decades. Investigating seasonality of suicide deaths is essential as its findings could be key elements in the prevention. In our study we have analyzed the seasonal effect in suicide mortality in relation to possible risk f...

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Autores principales:	Tamás Lantos, Richard J.Q. McNally, Tibor András Nyári
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Suicide mortality Risk factors Seasonal variation Suicide methods Epidemiology Hungary Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Social sciences (General) H1-99
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f57d00e5e7b421b8358ea93ba9011cd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f57d00e5e7b421b8358ea93ba9011cd2021-11-12T04:42:02ZPatterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 20172352-827310.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100958https://doaj.org/article/0f57d00e5e7b421b8358ea93ba9011cd2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827321002330https://doaj.org/toc/2352-8273Hungary has had one of the highest suicide mortality rates in the world for decades. Investigating seasonality of suicide deaths is essential as its findings could be key elements in the prevention. In our study we have analyzed the seasonal effect in suicide mortality in relation to possible risk factors in Hungary during 1995–2017.Data on the numbers of suicide deaths were obtained from a published online database. Negative binomial regression was employed to investigate the effect of possible risk factors and seasonal and annual trends in suicide rates. The seasonal effect was further investigated, adding a significant risk factor from the “initial” negative binomial regression.The suicide risk was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in men than in women (incidence rate ratio: 3.48), and it increased with age and decreased with education level. Marriage was a protective factor against suicide. Annual suicide mortality declined significantly (p < 0.001 for trend) from 36.7 (95% confidence interval: 35.5–37.9) to 16.5 (15.7–17.3) per 100,000 persons per year during the study period. Significant seasonality was found in suicide rates with a peak in late June. Similar peaks were observed at each level of each risk factor. There were differences in peaks by suicide method. The peak of non-violent suicides was in early June; suicides committed by violent methods peaked half a month later.This study suggests that there was a significant seasonal effect on suicide deaths between 1995 and 2017, which remained significant even in the presence of each risk factor. To our knowledge, this has been the first study to investigate the seasonal pattern so extensively in Hungary. Our findings confirm that the environmental effects are involved in the etiology of suicide mortality.Tamás LantosRichard J.Q. McNallyTibor András NyáriElsevierarticleSuicide mortalityRisk factorsSeasonal variationSuicide methodsEpidemiologyHungaryPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270Social sciences (General)H1-99ENSSM: Population Health, Vol 16, Iss , Pp 100958- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Suicide mortality Risk factors Seasonal variation Suicide methods Epidemiology Hungary Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Social sciences (General) H1-99
spellingShingle	Suicide mortality Risk factors Seasonal variation Suicide methods Epidemiology Hungary Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Social sciences (General) H1-99 Tamás Lantos Richard J.Q. McNally Tibor András Nyári Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017
description	Hungary has had one of the highest suicide mortality rates in the world for decades. Investigating seasonality of suicide deaths is essential as its findings could be key elements in the prevention. In our study we have analyzed the seasonal effect in suicide mortality in relation to possible risk factors in Hungary during 1995–2017.Data on the numbers of suicide deaths were obtained from a published online database. Negative binomial regression was employed to investigate the effect of possible risk factors and seasonal and annual trends in suicide rates. The seasonal effect was further investigated, adding a significant risk factor from the “initial” negative binomial regression.The suicide risk was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in men than in women (incidence rate ratio: 3.48), and it increased with age and decreased with education level. Marriage was a protective factor against suicide. Annual suicide mortality declined significantly (p < 0.001 for trend) from 36.7 (95% confidence interval: 35.5–37.9) to 16.5 (15.7–17.3) per 100,000 persons per year during the study period. Significant seasonality was found in suicide rates with a peak in late June. Similar peaks were observed at each level of each risk factor. There were differences in peaks by suicide method. The peak of non-violent suicides was in early June; suicides committed by violent methods peaked half a month later.This study suggests that there was a significant seasonal effect on suicide deaths between 1995 and 2017, which remained significant even in the presence of each risk factor. To our knowledge, this has been the first study to investigate the seasonal pattern so extensively in Hungary. Our findings confirm that the environmental effects are involved in the etiology of suicide mortality.
format	article
author	Tamás Lantos Richard J.Q. McNally Tibor András Nyári
author_facet	Tamás Lantos Richard J.Q. McNally Tibor András Nyári
author_sort	Tamás Lantos
title	Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017
title_short	Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017
title_full	Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017
title_fullStr	Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017
title_full_unstemmed	Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017
title_sort	patterns of suicide deaths in hungary between 1995 and 2017
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f57d00e5e7b421b8358ea93ba9011cd
work_keys_str_mv	AT tamaslantos patternsofsuicidedeathsinhungarybetween1995and2017 AT richardjqmcnally patternsofsuicidedeathsinhungarybetween1995and2017 AT tiborandrasnyari patternsofsuicidedeathsinhungarybetween1995and2017
_version_	1718431212165398528

Patterns of suicide deaths in Hungary between 1995 and 2017

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