Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones

<p>The formation of iron- and/or manganese-rich dark patinas on sandstones is a common natural phenomenon that occurs also on building stones. Lunéville château, in eastern France, presents such patinas that developed either under natural conditions (rain and time) or after an accidental fire...

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Autores principales:	L. Gatuingt, S. Rossano, J.-D. Mertz, C. Fourdrin, O. Rozenbaum, Q. Lemasson, S. Reguer, N. Trcera, B. Lanson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Mineralogy QE351-399.2
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f584927fefc458ea6e22af218bd5e0e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f584927fefc458ea6e22af218bd5e0e2021-11-11T08:35:41ZCharacterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones 10.5194/ejm-33-687-20210935-12211617-4011https://doaj.org/article/0f584927fefc458ea6e22af218bd5e0e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ejm.copernicus.org/articles/33/687/2021/ejm-33-687-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/0935-1221https://doaj.org/toc/1617-4011<p>The formation of iron- and/or manganese-rich dark patinas on sandstones is a common natural phenomenon that occurs also on building stones. Lunéville château, in eastern France, presents such patinas that developed either under natural conditions (rain and time) or after an accidental fire and exposure to significant amounts of water as part of attempts to extinguish the fire. The present study aimed at characterizing both types of patinas in an effort to determine their formation mechanisms and Mn sources. In both cases, Mn required for patina formation likely derives from the reductive dissolution of Mn-rich minerals present in pristine sandstones, as suggested by the contrasting mineralogy and chemistry of Mn-rich phases present in the bulk and in the patina of a given building block. Reduced Mn species then migrate to the exposed surface of building blocks where they are re-oxidized via undetermined processes. Patinas developing “naturally” over time result from the alternation of wetting-reducing and drying-oxidizing cycles and appear to be composed of birnessite. Patinas formed after the 2003 fire result from this single accidental event and form a much thinner, heterogeneous, and discontinuous layer of poorly crystalline lithiophorite at the sandstone surface (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 0–150 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> compared to <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 300–600 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> for “natural” patinas). The lack of Mn-rich patinas on areas of Lunéville château is likely related to the lower Mn content of pristine sandstone blocks.</p>L. GatuingtL. GatuingtL. GatuingtS. RossanoJ.-D. MertzJ.-D. MertzC. FourdrinO. RozenbaumQ. LemassonS. ReguerN. TrceraB. LansonCopernicus PublicationsarticleMineralogyQE351-399.2ENEuropean Journal of Mineralogy, Vol 33, Pp 687-702 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Mineralogy QE351-399.2
spellingShingle	Mineralogy QE351-399.2 L. Gatuingt L. Gatuingt L. Gatuingt S. Rossano J.-D. Mertz J.-D. Mertz C. Fourdrin O. Rozenbaum Q. Lemasson S. Reguer N. Trcera B. Lanson Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones
description	<p>The formation of iron- and/or manganese-rich dark patinas on sandstones is a common natural phenomenon that occurs also on building stones. Lunéville château, in eastern France, presents such patinas that developed either under natural conditions (rain and time) or after an accidental fire and exposure to significant amounts of water as part of attempts to extinguish the fire. The present study aimed at characterizing both types of patinas in an effort to determine their formation mechanisms and Mn sources. In both cases, Mn required for patina formation likely derives from the reductive dissolution of Mn-rich minerals present in pristine sandstones, as suggested by the contrasting mineralogy and chemistry of Mn-rich phases present in the bulk and in the patina of a given building block. Reduced Mn species then migrate to the exposed surface of building blocks where they are re-oxidized via undetermined processes. Patinas developing “naturally” over time result from the alternation of wetting-reducing and drying-oxidizing cycles and appear to be composed of birnessite. Patinas formed after the 2003 fire result from this single accidental event and form a much thinner, heterogeneous, and discontinuous layer of poorly crystalline lithiophorite at the sandstone surface (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 0–150 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> compared to <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 300–600 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span> for “natural” patinas). The lack of Mn-rich patinas on areas of Lunéville château is likely related to the lower Mn content of pristine sandstone blocks.</p>
format	article
author	L. Gatuingt L. Gatuingt L. Gatuingt S. Rossano J.-D. Mertz J.-D. Mertz C. Fourdrin O. Rozenbaum Q. Lemasson S. Reguer N. Trcera B. Lanson
author_facet	L. Gatuingt L. Gatuingt L. Gatuingt S. Rossano J.-D. Mertz J.-D. Mertz C. Fourdrin O. Rozenbaum Q. Lemasson S. Reguer N. Trcera B. Lanson
author_sort	L. Gatuingt
title	Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones
title_short	Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones
title_full	Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones
title_fullStr	Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones
title_sort	characterization and origin of the mn-rich patinas formed on lunéville château sandstones
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f584927fefc458ea6e22af218bd5e0e
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Characterization and origin of the Mn-rich patinas formed on Lunéville château sandstones

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