Impact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of the microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> as an antioxidant source of enriched biomass. This microalga is a model organism deeply investigated for physiological studies, particularly considering carotenoid synthesis in r...

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Autores principales:	Cecilia Faraloni, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Alessandra Bonetti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antioxidants carotenoids <i>Chlamydomonas</i> microalgae polyphenols xanthophylls Mathematics QA1-939
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f59efcfe39b48d296ac6dbbb36e4972
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f59efcfe39b48d296ac6dbbb36e49722021-11-25T19:07:42ZImpact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga10.3390/sym131122202073-8994https://doaj.org/article/0f59efcfe39b48d296ac6dbbb36e49722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2220https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of the microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> as an antioxidant source of enriched biomass. This microalga is a model organism deeply investigated for physiological studies, particularly considering carotenoid synthesis in response to stress, to counteract the effects of the formation of free radicals. Less attention has been paid to the profile characterization of other antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, which can be synthesized, concomitantly with carotenoids, under photooxidative stress, especially high light. The cultures of <i>C. reinhardtii</i> were exposed to three different light intensities, 70, 800 and 1500 µmoles photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The increasing light intensity symmetrically induced the increasing accumulation of both carotenoids and phenolic compounds. The results showed that exposure to high light intensities caused the accumulation of electrons in the electron transport chain, with a reduction in photosynthetic activity. In the same cultures, high light intensity induced the strong increment of polyphenols such as gallic, chlorogenic and coumaric acids, which resulted 6.2-fold, 4-fold and 3.7-fold higher, respectively, than in cells exposed to the lowest intensities. As expected, at the highest light intensity, the strong induction of the xanthophyll cycle and the largest increment of loroxanthin, lutein, α-carotene and ß-carotene could be detected. Antioxidant properties doubled with respect to the initial time, both in acetone and methanol cellular extracts of these cultures, revealing a new potential role for biotechnological application of this microalga.Cecilia FaraloniTiziana Di LorenzoAlessandra BonettiMDPI AGarticleantioxidantscarotenoids<i>Chlamydomonas</i>microalgaepolyphenolsxanthophyllsMathematicsQA1-939ENSymmetry, Vol 13, Iss 2220, p 2220 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antioxidants carotenoids <i>Chlamydomonas</i> microalgae polyphenols xanthophylls Mathematics QA1-939
spellingShingle	antioxidants carotenoids <i>Chlamydomonas</i> microalgae polyphenols xanthophylls Mathematics QA1-939 Cecilia Faraloni Tiziana Di Lorenzo Alessandra Bonetti Impact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga
description	The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of the microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> as an antioxidant source of enriched biomass. This microalga is a model organism deeply investigated for physiological studies, particularly considering carotenoid synthesis in response to stress, to counteract the effects of the formation of free radicals. Less attention has been paid to the profile characterization of other antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, which can be synthesized, concomitantly with carotenoids, under photooxidative stress, especially high light. The cultures of <i>C. reinhardtii</i> were exposed to three different light intensities, 70, 800 and 1500 µmoles photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The increasing light intensity symmetrically induced the increasing accumulation of both carotenoids and phenolic compounds. The results showed that exposure to high light intensities caused the accumulation of electrons in the electron transport chain, with a reduction in photosynthetic activity. In the same cultures, high light intensity induced the strong increment of polyphenols such as gallic, chlorogenic and coumaric acids, which resulted 6.2-fold, 4-fold and 3.7-fold higher, respectively, than in cells exposed to the lowest intensities. As expected, at the highest light intensity, the strong induction of the xanthophyll cycle and the largest increment of loroxanthin, lutein, α-carotene and ß-carotene could be detected. Antioxidant properties doubled with respect to the initial time, both in acetone and methanol cellular extracts of these cultures, revealing a new potential role for biotechnological application of this microalga.
format	article
author	Cecilia Faraloni Tiziana Di Lorenzo Alessandra Bonetti
author_facet	Cecilia Faraloni Tiziana Di Lorenzo Alessandra Bonetti
author_sort	Cecilia Faraloni
title	Impact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga
title_short	Impact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga
title_full	Impact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga
title_fullStr	Impact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga
title_sort	impact of light stress on the synthesis of both antioxidants polyphenols and carotenoids, as fast photoprotective response in <i>chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: new prospective for biotechnological potential of this microalga
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f59efcfe39b48d296ac6dbbb36e4972
work_keys_str_mv	AT ceciliafaraloni impactoflightstressonthesynthesisofbothantioxidantspolyphenolsandcarotenoidsasfastphotoprotectiveresponseinichlamydomonasreinhardtiiinewprospectiveforbiotechnologicalpotentialofthismicroalga AT tizianadilorenzo impactoflightstressonthesynthesisofbothantioxidantspolyphenolsandcarotenoidsasfastphotoprotectiveresponseinichlamydomonasreinhardtiiinewprospectiveforbiotechnologicalpotentialofthismicroalga AT alessandrabonetti impactoflightstressonthesynthesisofbothantioxidantspolyphenolsandcarotenoidsasfastphotoprotectiveresponseinichlamydomonasreinhardtiiinewprospectiveforbiotechnologicalpotentialofthismicroalga
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Impact of Light Stress on the Synthesis of Both Antioxidants Polyphenols and Carotenoids, as Fast Photoprotective Response in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>: New Prospective for Biotechnological Potential of This Microalga

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