Measurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers

The thermal properties of most clothing products are still not designed according to engineering science due to the lack of simple and acceptable measuring equipment and methods; the type of thermal insulation material, the number of layers of clothing and their thickness are thus chosen empirically...

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Autores principales:	Snježana Firšt Rogale, Dubravko Rogale, Željko Knezić, Nikolina Jukl
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	thermal resistance temperature gradient textile material layers composite clothing Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f6436c2c7774c37bc193eb82a0e0119
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f6436c2c7774c37bc193eb82a0e01192021-11-25T18:14:09ZMeasurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers10.3390/ma142268531996-1944https://doaj.org/article/0f6436c2c7774c37bc193eb82a0e01192021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6853https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The thermal properties of most clothing products are still not designed according to engineering science due to the lack of simple and acceptable measuring equipment and methods; the type of thermal insulation material, the number of layers of clothing and their thickness are thus chosen empirically. The novelty of this study was the development of a new measuring device and method for simultaneous measurements in the determination of the thermal resistance in one or more textile material layers, such as in multilayer composite clothing. Temperature gradients of textile material layers are presented, as well as the theoretical principles of operation and practical results. Four materials for the production of protective jackets were selected, from which different combinations of composite clothing were constructed and the thermal parameters were measured with a new method and a new device, both individually for the built-in materials and for the composites. Subsequently, five test jackets with the same arrangement of textile material layers as the previously tested composites were produced, and measurements of important thermal parameters were recorded with a thermal mannequin. The determined temperature gradients and measurement results are presented, and based on these it was determined that the total thermal resistance was not equal to the algebraic sum of the resistances of the individual textile material layers in the horizontal position; it was, however, higher, increasing from 30% to 94% due to small air layers caused by crimping and protruding fibres of yarn in the textile fabrics. The same textile material layers built into clothing in the vertical position allowed the formation of significantly wider air layers that increased the thermal resistance by between 2.5 and 9 times.Snježana Firšt RogaleDubravko RogaleŽeljko KnezićNikolina JuklMDPI AGarticlethermal resistancetemperature gradienttextile material layerscomposite clothingTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6853, p 6853 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	thermal resistance temperature gradient textile material layers composite clothing Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	thermal resistance temperature gradient textile material layers composite clothing Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Snježana Firšt Rogale Dubravko Rogale Željko Knezić Nikolina Jukl Measurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers
description	The thermal properties of most clothing products are still not designed according to engineering science due to the lack of simple and acceptable measuring equipment and methods; the type of thermal insulation material, the number of layers of clothing and their thickness are thus chosen empirically. The novelty of this study was the development of a new measuring device and method for simultaneous measurements in the determination of the thermal resistance in one or more textile material layers, such as in multilayer composite clothing. Temperature gradients of textile material layers are presented, as well as the theoretical principles of operation and practical results. Four materials for the production of protective jackets were selected, from which different combinations of composite clothing were constructed and the thermal parameters were measured with a new method and a new device, both individually for the built-in materials and for the composites. Subsequently, five test jackets with the same arrangement of textile material layers as the previously tested composites were produced, and measurements of important thermal parameters were recorded with a thermal mannequin. The determined temperature gradients and measurement results are presented, and based on these it was determined that the total thermal resistance was not equal to the algebraic sum of the resistances of the individual textile material layers in the horizontal position; it was, however, higher, increasing from 30% to 94% due to small air layers caused by crimping and protruding fibres of yarn in the textile fabrics. The same textile material layers built into clothing in the vertical position allowed the formation of significantly wider air layers that increased the thermal resistance by between 2.5 and 9 times.
format	article
author	Snježana Firšt Rogale Dubravko Rogale Željko Knezić Nikolina Jukl
author_facet	Snježana Firšt Rogale Dubravko Rogale Željko Knezić Nikolina Jukl
author_sort	Snježana Firšt Rogale
title	Measurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers
title_short	Measurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers
title_full	Measurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers
title_fullStr	Measurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers
title_full_unstemmed	Measurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers
title_sort	measurement method for the simultaneous determination of thermal resistance and temperature gradients in the determination of thermal properties of textile material layers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f6436c2c7774c37bc193eb82a0e0119
work_keys_str_mv	AT snjezanafirstrogale measurementmethodforthesimultaneousdeterminationofthermalresistanceandtemperaturegradientsinthedeterminationofthermalpropertiesoftextilemateriallayers AT dubravkorogale measurementmethodforthesimultaneousdeterminationofthermalresistanceandtemperaturegradientsinthedeterminationofthermalpropertiesoftextilemateriallayers AT zeljkoknezic measurementmethodforthesimultaneousdeterminationofthermalresistanceandtemperaturegradientsinthedeterminationofthermalpropertiesoftextilemateriallayers AT nikolinajukl measurementmethodforthesimultaneousdeterminationofthermalresistanceandtemperaturegradientsinthedeterminationofthermalpropertiesoftextilemateriallayers
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Measurement Method for the Simultaneous DeterMination of Thermal Resistance and Temperature Gradients in the DeterMination of Thermal Properties of Textile Material Layers

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