Increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors

Abstract Graphene’s attractiveness in many applications is limited by its high resistance. Extrinsic doping has shown promise to overcome this challenge but graphene’s performance remains below industry requirements. This issue is caused by a limited charge transfer efficiency (CTE) between dopant a...

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Autores principales:	Kai-Wen Chang, Ya-Ping Hsieh, Chu-Chi Ting, Yen-Hsun Su, Mario Hofmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f8161a68b3e4941b4aed7e384b17c9d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f8161a68b3e4941b4aed7e384b17c9d2021-12-02T12:32:31ZIncreasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors10.1038/s41598-017-09465-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0f8161a68b3e4941b4aed7e384b17c9d2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09465-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Graphene’s attractiveness in many applications is limited by its high resistance. Extrinsic doping has shown promise to overcome this challenge but graphene’s performance remains below industry requirements. This issue is caused by a limited charge transfer efficiency (CTE) between dopant and graphene. Using AuCl3 as a model system, we measure CTE as low as 5% of the expected values due to the geometrical capacitance of small adsorbate clusters. We here demonstrate a strategy for enhancing the CTE by a two-step optimization of graphene’s surface energy prior to AuCl3 doping. First, exposure to UV ozone modified the hydrophilicity of graphene and was found to decrease the cluster’s geometric capacitance, which had a direct effect on the CTE. Occurrence of lattice defects at high UV exposure, however, deteriorated graphene’s transport characteristics and limited the effectiveness of this pretreatment step. Thus, prior to UV exposure, a functionalized polymer layer was introduced that could further enhance graphene’s surface energy while protecting it from damage. Combination of these treatment steps were found to increase the AuCl3 charge transfer efficiency to 70% and lower the sheet resistance to 106 Ω/γ at 97% transmittance which represents the highest reported performance for doped single layer graphene and is on par with commercially available transparent conductors.Kai-Wen ChangYa-Ping HsiehChu-Chi TingYen-Hsun SuMario HofmannNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kai-Wen Chang Ya-Ping Hsieh Chu-Chi Ting Yen-Hsun Su Mario Hofmann Increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors
description	Abstract Graphene’s attractiveness in many applications is limited by its high resistance. Extrinsic doping has shown promise to overcome this challenge but graphene’s performance remains below industry requirements. This issue is caused by a limited charge transfer efficiency (CTE) between dopant and graphene. Using AuCl3 as a model system, we measure CTE as low as 5% of the expected values due to the geometrical capacitance of small adsorbate clusters. We here demonstrate a strategy for enhancing the CTE by a two-step optimization of graphene’s surface energy prior to AuCl3 doping. First, exposure to UV ozone modified the hydrophilicity of graphene and was found to decrease the cluster’s geometric capacitance, which had a direct effect on the CTE. Occurrence of lattice defects at high UV exposure, however, deteriorated graphene’s transport characteristics and limited the effectiveness of this pretreatment step. Thus, prior to UV exposure, a functionalized polymer layer was introduced that could further enhance graphene’s surface energy while protecting it from damage. Combination of these treatment steps were found to increase the AuCl3 charge transfer efficiency to 70% and lower the sheet resistance to 106 Ω/γ at 97% transmittance which represents the highest reported performance for doped single layer graphene and is on par with commercially available transparent conductors.
format	article
author	Kai-Wen Chang Ya-Ping Hsieh Chu-Chi Ting Yen-Hsun Su Mario Hofmann
author_facet	Kai-Wen Chang Ya-Ping Hsieh Chu-Chi Ting Yen-Hsun Su Mario Hofmann
author_sort	Kai-Wen Chang
title	Increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors
title_short	Increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors
title_full	Increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors
title_fullStr	Increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors
title_full_unstemmed	Increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors
title_sort	increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f8161a68b3e4941b4aed7e384b17c9d
work_keys_str_mv	AT kaiwenchang increasingthedopingefficiencybysurfaceenergycontrolforultratransparentgrapheneconductors AT yapinghsieh increasingthedopingefficiencybysurfaceenergycontrolforultratransparentgrapheneconductors AT chuchiting increasingthedopingefficiencybysurfaceenergycontrolforultratransparentgrapheneconductors AT yenhsunsu increasingthedopingefficiencybysurfaceenergycontrolforultratransparentgrapheneconductors AT mariohofmann increasingthedopingefficiencybysurfaceenergycontrolforultratransparentgrapheneconductors
_version_	1718394020868128768

Increasing the doping efficiency by surface energy control for ultra-transparent graphene conductors

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