Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

The green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a simple, safe, sustainable, reliable and eco-friendly protocol. Among different types of NPs, green-synthesized zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) show various promising biological uses due to their interesting magnetic, electrical, optical and chemical char...

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Autores principales:	Amna Komal Khan, Sullivan Renouard, Samantha Drouet, Jean-Philippe Blondeau, Iram Anjum, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Sumaira Anjum
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	zinc oxide nanoparticles UV-A UV-C caspase-3/7 mitochondrial membrane potential brine shrimp lethality assay Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f8a25f7753b46859fd7ebfa4d3cf88c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f8a25f7753b46859fd7ebfa4d3cf88c2021-11-25T18:42:41ZEffect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles10.3390/pharmaceutics131119771999-4923https://doaj.org/article/0f8a25f7753b46859fd7ebfa4d3cf88c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1977https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923The green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a simple, safe, sustainable, reliable and eco-friendly protocol. Among different types of NPs, green-synthesized zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) show various promising biological uses due to their interesting magnetic, electrical, optical and chemical characteristics. Keeping in view the dependence of the therapeutic efficacy of NPs on their physico-chemical characteristics, the green synthesis of ZnONPs using <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i> leaf extract under UV-A and UV-C light was carried out in this study. UV-irradiation helped to control the size and morphology of ZnONPs by exciting the electrons in the photoactive compounds of plant extracts to enhance the bio-reduction of ZnO into ZnONPs. <i>C. equisetifolia</i> leaf extract was found enriched with phenolic (2.47 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid content (0.88 ± 0.28 mg QE/g DW) contributing to its 74.33% free-radical scavenging activity. FTIR spectra showed the involvement of polyphenols in the bio-reduction, stabilization and capping of ZnONPs. Moreover, SEM-EDX and XRD analyses showed great potential of UV-C light in yielding smaller (34–39 nm) oval-shaped ZnONPs, whereas UV-A irradiation resulted in the formation of fairly spherical 67–71 nm ZnONPs and control ZnONPs were of mixed shape and even larger size (84–89 nm). Green-synthesized ZnONPs, notably CE-UV-C-ZnONPs, showed promising anti-bacterial activities against <i>Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Moreover, ZnONPs also enhanced ROS production which led to a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activated caspase-3 gene expression and caspase-3/7 activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. CE-UV-C-ZnONP treatment reduced HepG2 cell viability to as low as 36.97% owing to their unique shape and smaller size. Lastly, ZnONPs were found to be highly biocompatible towards brine shrimp and human red blood cells suggesting their bio-safe nature. This research study sheds light on the plausible role of UV radiation in the green synthesis of ZnONPs with reasonable control over their size and morphology, thus improving their biological efficacy.Amna Komal KhanSullivan RenouardSamantha DrouetJean-Philippe BlondeauIram AnjumChristophe HanoBilal Haider AbbasiSumaira AnjumMDPI AGarticlezinc oxide nanoparticlesUV-AUV-Ccaspase-3/7mitochondrial membrane potentialbrine shrimp lethality assayPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1977, p 1977 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	zinc oxide nanoparticles UV-A UV-C caspase-3/7 mitochondrial membrane potential brine shrimp lethality assay Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	zinc oxide nanoparticles UV-A UV-C caspase-3/7 mitochondrial membrane potential brine shrimp lethality assay Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Amna Komal Khan Sullivan Renouard Samantha Drouet Jean-Philippe Blondeau Iram Anjum Christophe Hano Bilal Haider Abbasi Sumaira Anjum Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
description	The green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a simple, safe, sustainable, reliable and eco-friendly protocol. Among different types of NPs, green-synthesized zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) show various promising biological uses due to their interesting magnetic, electrical, optical and chemical characteristics. Keeping in view the dependence of the therapeutic efficacy of NPs on their physico-chemical characteristics, the green synthesis of ZnONPs using <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i> leaf extract under UV-A and UV-C light was carried out in this study. UV-irradiation helped to control the size and morphology of ZnONPs by exciting the electrons in the photoactive compounds of plant extracts to enhance the bio-reduction of ZnO into ZnONPs. <i>C. equisetifolia</i> leaf extract was found enriched with phenolic (2.47 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid content (0.88 ± 0.28 mg QE/g DW) contributing to its 74.33% free-radical scavenging activity. FTIR spectra showed the involvement of polyphenols in the bio-reduction, stabilization and capping of ZnONPs. Moreover, SEM-EDX and XRD analyses showed great potential of UV-C light in yielding smaller (34–39 nm) oval-shaped ZnONPs, whereas UV-A irradiation resulted in the formation of fairly spherical 67–71 nm ZnONPs and control ZnONPs were of mixed shape and even larger size (84–89 nm). Green-synthesized ZnONPs, notably CE-UV-C-ZnONPs, showed promising anti-bacterial activities against <i>Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Moreover, ZnONPs also enhanced ROS production which led to a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activated caspase-3 gene expression and caspase-3/7 activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. CE-UV-C-ZnONP treatment reduced HepG2 cell viability to as low as 36.97% owing to their unique shape and smaller size. Lastly, ZnONPs were found to be highly biocompatible towards brine shrimp and human red blood cells suggesting their bio-safe nature. This research study sheds light on the plausible role of UV radiation in the green synthesis of ZnONPs with reasonable control over their size and morphology, thus improving their biological efficacy.
format	article
author	Amna Komal Khan Sullivan Renouard Samantha Drouet Jean-Philippe Blondeau Iram Anjum Christophe Hano Bilal Haider Abbasi Sumaira Anjum
author_facet	Amna Komal Khan Sullivan Renouard Samantha Drouet Jean-Philippe Blondeau Iram Anjum Christophe Hano Bilal Haider Abbasi Sumaira Anjum
author_sort	Amna Komal Khan
title	Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
title_short	Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
title_full	Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
title_fullStr	Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
title_sort	effect of uv irradiation (a and c) on <i>casuarina equisetifolia</i>-mediated biosynthesis and characterization of antimicrobial and anticancer activity of biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticles
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f8a25f7753b46859fd7ebfa4d3cf88c
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Effect of UV Irradiation (A and C) on <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i>-Mediated Biosynthesis and Characterization of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

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