Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses

Abstract Background Cyathostomins are the most important and common parasitic nematodes of horses, with > 50 species known to occur worldwide. The frequent and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in horse nematodes. In this study we...

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Autores principales:	Ghazanfar Abbas, Abdul Ghafar, John Hurley, Jenni Bauquier, Anne Beasley, Edwina J. A. Wilkes, Caroline Jacobson, Charles El-Hage, Lucy Cudmore, Peter Carrigan, Brett Tennent-Brown, Charles G. Gauci, Martin K. Nielsen, Kristopher J. Hughes, Ian Beveridge, Abdul Jabbar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Australian thoroughbred horses Cyathostomins Egg reappearance period Moxidectin Resistance FECRT Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f8af9ac6cad46628a8f57ae3d70390a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f8af9ac6cad46628a8f57ae3d70390a2021-12-05T12:17:06ZCyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses10.1186/s13071-021-05103-81756-3305https://doaj.org/article/0f8af9ac6cad46628a8f57ae3d70390a2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05103-8https://doaj.org/toc/1756-3305Abstract Background Cyathostomins are the most important and common parasitic nematodes of horses, with > 50 species known to occur worldwide. The frequent and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in horse nematodes. In this study we assessed the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics against cyathostomins in Australian thoroughbred horses. Methods Two drug efficacy trials per farm were conducted on two thoroughbred horse farms in the state of Victoria, Australia. In the first trial, the horses on Farm A were treated with single and combinations of anthelmintics, including oxfendazole (OFZ), abamectin (ABM), abamectin and morantel (ABM + MOR), moxidectin (MOX) and oxfendazole and pyrantel (OFZ + PYR), at the recommended doses, whereas the horses on Farm B only received MOX, at the recommended dose. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to determine the efficacy and egg reappearance period (ERP) of anthelmintics. Based on the results of the first trial, the efficacies of MOX and a combination of ABM + MOR were reassessed to confirm their activities against cyathostomins. Results Of the five anthelmintic products tested on Farm A, resistance against OFZ, ABM and OFZ + PYR was found, with efficacies of − 41% (− 195% lower confidence limit [LCL]), 73% (60% LCL) and 82% (66% LCL) at 2 weeks post-treatment, respectively. The FECRT showed high efficacies of MOX and ABM + MOR (100%) at 2 week post-treatment and shortened ERPs for these anthelmintics (ABM + MOR: 4 weeks; MOX: 5 weeks). Resistance to MOX was found on Farm B, with a reduced efficacy of 90% (70% LCL) and 89% (82% LCL) at 2 weeks post-treatment in trials one and two, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of MOX- and multidrug-resistant (ABM and combinations of anthelmintics) cyathostomins in Australia and indicates the need for continuous surveillance of the efficacy of currently effective anthelmintics and large-scale investigations to assess the ERP for various anthelmintics. Graphical AbstractGhazanfar AbbasAbdul GhafarJohn HurleyJenni BauquierAnne BeasleyEdwina J. A. WilkesCaroline JacobsonCharles El-HageLucy CudmorePeter CarriganBrett Tennent-BrownCharles G. GauciMartin K. NielsenKristopher J. HughesIan BeveridgeAbdul JabbarBMCarticleAustralian thoroughbred horsesCyathostominsEgg reappearance periodMoxidectinResistanceFECRTInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENParasites & Vectors, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Australian thoroughbred horses Cyathostomins Egg reappearance period Moxidectin Resistance FECRT Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	Australian thoroughbred horses Cyathostomins Egg reappearance period Moxidectin Resistance FECRT Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Ghazanfar Abbas Abdul Ghafar John Hurley Jenni Bauquier Anne Beasley Edwina J. A. Wilkes Caroline Jacobson Charles El-Hage Lucy Cudmore Peter Carrigan Brett Tennent-Brown Charles G. Gauci Martin K. Nielsen Kristopher J. Hughes Ian Beveridge Abdul Jabbar Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses
description	Abstract Background Cyathostomins are the most important and common parasitic nematodes of horses, with > 50 species known to occur worldwide. The frequent and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in horse nematodes. In this study we assessed the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics against cyathostomins in Australian thoroughbred horses. Methods Two drug efficacy trials per farm were conducted on two thoroughbred horse farms in the state of Victoria, Australia. In the first trial, the horses on Farm A were treated with single and combinations of anthelmintics, including oxfendazole (OFZ), abamectin (ABM), abamectin and morantel (ABM + MOR), moxidectin (MOX) and oxfendazole and pyrantel (OFZ + PYR), at the recommended doses, whereas the horses on Farm B only received MOX, at the recommended dose. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to determine the efficacy and egg reappearance period (ERP) of anthelmintics. Based on the results of the first trial, the efficacies of MOX and a combination of ABM + MOR were reassessed to confirm their activities against cyathostomins. Results Of the five anthelmintic products tested on Farm A, resistance against OFZ, ABM and OFZ + PYR was found, with efficacies of − 41% (− 195% lower confidence limit [LCL]), 73% (60% LCL) and 82% (66% LCL) at 2 weeks post-treatment, respectively. The FECRT showed high efficacies of MOX and ABM + MOR (100%) at 2 week post-treatment and shortened ERPs for these anthelmintics (ABM + MOR: 4 weeks; MOX: 5 weeks). Resistance to MOX was found on Farm B, with a reduced efficacy of 90% (70% LCL) and 89% (82% LCL) at 2 weeks post-treatment in trials one and two, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of MOX- and multidrug-resistant (ABM and combinations of anthelmintics) cyathostomins in Australia and indicates the need for continuous surveillance of the efficacy of currently effective anthelmintics and large-scale investigations to assess the ERP for various anthelmintics. Graphical Abstract
format	article
author	Ghazanfar Abbas Abdul Ghafar John Hurley Jenni Bauquier Anne Beasley Edwina J. A. Wilkes Caroline Jacobson Charles El-Hage Lucy Cudmore Peter Carrigan Brett Tennent-Brown Charles G. Gauci Martin K. Nielsen Kristopher J. Hughes Ian Beveridge Abdul Jabbar
author_facet	Ghazanfar Abbas Abdul Ghafar John Hurley Jenni Bauquier Anne Beasley Edwina J. A. Wilkes Caroline Jacobson Charles El-Hage Lucy Cudmore Peter Carrigan Brett Tennent-Brown Charles G. Gauci Martin K. Nielsen Kristopher J. Hughes Ian Beveridge Abdul Jabbar
author_sort	Ghazanfar Abbas
title	Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses
title_short	Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses
title_full	Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses
title_fullStr	Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses
title_full_unstemmed	Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses
title_sort	cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in australian horses
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f8af9ac6cad46628a8f57ae3d70390a
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Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses

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