Plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering

Abstract Plants employ various defences killing the insect attacker in an early stage. Oviposition by cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.) on brassicaceous plants, including Brassica nigra, induces a hypersensitive response (HR) - like leaf necrosis promoting desiccation of eggs. To gain a deeper...

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Autores principales:	Eddie Griese, Marcel Dicke, Monika Hilker, Nina E. Fatouros
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f8cb47864d2417c9fc7cfeef007a067
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f8cb47864d2417c9fc7cfeef007a0672021-12-02T12:32:06ZPlant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering10.1038/s41598-017-06704-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0f8cb47864d2417c9fc7cfeef007a0672017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06704-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Plants employ various defences killing the insect attacker in an early stage. Oviposition by cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.) on brassicaceous plants, including Brassica nigra, induces a hypersensitive response (HR) - like leaf necrosis promoting desiccation of eggs. To gain a deeper insight into the arms race between butterflies and plants, we conducted field and greenhouse experiments using different B. nigra genotypes. We investigated variation in HR and consequent survival of P. brassicae egg clusters. Impact of egg density, distribution type and humidity on HR formation and egg survival was tested. HR differed among plant genotypes as well as plant individuals. Egg density per plant did not affect HR formation. Remarkably, egg survival did not depend on the formation of HR, unless butterflies were forced to lay single eggs. Larval hatching success from single eggs was lower on plants expressing HR. This may be due to increased vulnerability of single eggs to low humidity conditions at necrotic leaf sites. We conclude that effectiveness of HR-like necrosis in B. nigra varies with plant genotype, plant individual and the type of egg laying behaviour (singly or clustered). By clustering eggs, cabbage white butterflies can escape the egg-killing, direct plant defence trait.Eddie GrieseMarcel DickeMonika HilkerNina E. FatourosNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eddie Griese Marcel Dicke Monika Hilker Nina E. Fatouros Plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering
description	Abstract Plants employ various defences killing the insect attacker in an early stage. Oviposition by cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.) on brassicaceous plants, including Brassica nigra, induces a hypersensitive response (HR) - like leaf necrosis promoting desiccation of eggs. To gain a deeper insight into the arms race between butterflies and plants, we conducted field and greenhouse experiments using different B. nigra genotypes. We investigated variation in HR and consequent survival of P. brassicae egg clusters. Impact of egg density, distribution type and humidity on HR formation and egg survival was tested. HR differed among plant genotypes as well as plant individuals. Egg density per plant did not affect HR formation. Remarkably, egg survival did not depend on the formation of HR, unless butterflies were forced to lay single eggs. Larval hatching success from single eggs was lower on plants expressing HR. This may be due to increased vulnerability of single eggs to low humidity conditions at necrotic leaf sites. We conclude that effectiveness of HR-like necrosis in B. nigra varies with plant genotype, plant individual and the type of egg laying behaviour (singly or clustered). By clustering eggs, cabbage white butterflies can escape the egg-killing, direct plant defence trait.
format	article
author	Eddie Griese Marcel Dicke Monika Hilker Nina E. Fatouros
author_facet	Eddie Griese Marcel Dicke Monika Hilker Nina E. Fatouros
author_sort	Eddie Griese
title	Plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering
title_short	Plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering
title_full	Plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering
title_fullStr	Plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering
title_full_unstemmed	Plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering
title_sort	plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f8cb47864d2417c9fc7cfeef007a067
work_keys_str_mv	AT eddiegriese plantresponsetobutterflyeggsinducibilityseverityandsuccessofeggkillingleafnecrosisdependsonplantgenotypeandeggclustering AT marceldicke plantresponsetobutterflyeggsinducibilityseverityandsuccessofeggkillingleafnecrosisdependsonplantgenotypeandeggclustering AT monikahilker plantresponsetobutterflyeggsinducibilityseverityandsuccessofeggkillingleafnecrosisdependsonplantgenotypeandeggclustering AT ninaefatouros plantresponsetobutterflyeggsinducibilityseverityandsuccessofeggkillingleafnecrosisdependsonplantgenotypeandeggclustering
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Plant response to butterfly eggs: inducibility, severity and success of egg-killing leaf necrosis depends on plant genotype and egg clustering

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