The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes

Abstract All animals carry specialized microbiomes, and their gut microbiota are continuously released into the environment through excretion of waste. Here we propose the meta-gut as a novel conceptual framework that addresses the ability of the gut microbiome released from an animal to function ou...

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Autores principales:	Christopher L. Dutton, Amanda L. Subalusky, Alvaro Sanchez, Sylvie Estrela, Nanxi Lu, Stephen K. Hamilton, Laban Njoroge, Emma J. Rosi, David M. Post
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0f9fbc9ab45d401c9b9d2e7975b4d319
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0f9fbc9ab45d401c9b9d2e7975b4d3192021-12-05T12:14:58ZThe meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes10.1038/s41598-021-02349-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0f9fbc9ab45d401c9b9d2e7975b4d3192021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02349-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract All animals carry specialized microbiomes, and their gut microbiota are continuously released into the environment through excretion of waste. Here we propose the meta-gut as a novel conceptual framework that addresses the ability of the gut microbiome released from an animal to function outside the host and alter biogeochemical processes mediated by microbes. We demonstrate this dynamic in the hippopotamus (hippo) and the pools they inhabit. We used natural field gradients and experimental approaches to examine fecal and pool water microbial communities and aquatic biogeochemistry across a range of hippo inputs. Sequencing using 16S RNA methods revealed community coalescence between hippo gut microbiomes and the active microbial communities in hippo pools that received high inputs of hippo feces. The shared microbiome between the hippo gut and the waters into which they excrete constitutes a meta-gut system that could influence the biogeochemistry of recipient ecosystems and provide a reservoir of gut microbiomes that could influence other hosts. We propose that meta-gut dynamics may also occur where other animal species congregate in high densities, particularly in aquatic environments.Christopher L. DuttonAmanda L. SubaluskyAlvaro SanchezSylvie EstrelaNanxi LuStephen K. HamiltonLaban NjorogeEmma J. RosiDavid M. PostNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Christopher L. Dutton Amanda L. Subalusky Alvaro Sanchez Sylvie Estrela Nanxi Lu Stephen K. Hamilton Laban Njoroge Emma J. Rosi David M. Post The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes
description	Abstract All animals carry specialized microbiomes, and their gut microbiota are continuously released into the environment through excretion of waste. Here we propose the meta-gut as a novel conceptual framework that addresses the ability of the gut microbiome released from an animal to function outside the host and alter biogeochemical processes mediated by microbes. We demonstrate this dynamic in the hippopotamus (hippo) and the pools they inhabit. We used natural field gradients and experimental approaches to examine fecal and pool water microbial communities and aquatic biogeochemistry across a range of hippo inputs. Sequencing using 16S RNA methods revealed community coalescence between hippo gut microbiomes and the active microbial communities in hippo pools that received high inputs of hippo feces. The shared microbiome between the hippo gut and the waters into which they excrete constitutes a meta-gut system that could influence the biogeochemistry of recipient ecosystems and provide a reservoir of gut microbiomes that could influence other hosts. We propose that meta-gut dynamics may also occur where other animal species congregate in high densities, particularly in aquatic environments.
format	article
author	Christopher L. Dutton Amanda L. Subalusky Alvaro Sanchez Sylvie Estrela Nanxi Lu Stephen K. Hamilton Laban Njoroge Emma J. Rosi David M. Post
author_facet	Christopher L. Dutton Amanda L. Subalusky Alvaro Sanchez Sylvie Estrela Nanxi Lu Stephen K. Hamilton Laban Njoroge Emma J. Rosi David M. Post
author_sort	Christopher L. Dutton
title	The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes
title_short	The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes
title_full	The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes
title_fullStr	The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes
title_full_unstemmed	The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes
title_sort	meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0f9fbc9ab45d401c9b9d2e7975b4d319
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The meta-gut: community coalescence of animal gut and environmental microbiomes

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