Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats

It has been previously demonstrated that KEKS food containing exogenous ketogenic supplement ketone salt (KS) and ketone ester (KE) decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-generated increase in SWD (spike-wave discharge) number in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats, likely through ketosis. K...

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Autores principales:	Brigitta Brunner, Csilla Ari, Dominic P. D’Agostino, Zsolt Kovács
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ketogenic supplements ketosis adenosine receptors LPS absence epilepsy WAG/Rij rats Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0fa518cce41642e9b38b2b9fc6bfc82d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0fa518cce41642e9b38b2b9fc6bfc82d2021-11-25T18:36:41ZAdenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats10.3390/nu131140822072-6643https://doaj.org/article/0fa518cce41642e9b38b2b9fc6bfc82d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4082https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643It has been previously demonstrated that KEKS food containing exogenous ketogenic supplement ketone salt (KS) and ketone ester (KE) decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-generated increase in SWD (spike-wave discharge) number in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats, likely through ketosis. KEKS-supplemented food-generated ketosis may increase adenosine levels, and may thus modulate both neuroinflammatory processes and epileptic activity through adenosine receptors (such as A1Rs and A2ARs). To determine whether these adenosine receptors are able to modify the KEKS food-generated alleviating effect on LPS-evoked increases in SWD number, an antagonist of A1R DPCPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; 0.2 mg/kg) with LPS (50 µg/kg) and an antagonist of A2AR SCH58261 (7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine; 0.5 mg/kg) with LPS were co-injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the ninth day of KEKS food administration, and their influence not only on the SWD number, but also on blood glucose, R-beta-hydroxybutyrate (R-βHB) levels, and body weight were measured. We showed that inhibition of A1Rs abolished the alleviating effect of KEKS food on LPS-generated increases in the SWD number, whereas blocking A2ARs did not significantly modify the KEKS food-generated beneficial effect. Our results suggest that the neuromodulatory benefits of KEKS-supplemented food on absence epileptic activity are mediated primarily through A1R, not A2AR.Brigitta BrunnerCsilla AriDominic P. D’AgostinoZsolt KovácsMDPI AGarticleketogenic supplementsketosisadenosine receptorsLPSabsence epilepsyWAG/Rij ratsNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENNutrients, Vol 13, Iss 4082, p 4082 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ketogenic supplements ketosis adenosine receptors LPS absence epilepsy WAG/Rij rats Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	ketogenic supplements ketosis adenosine receptors LPS absence epilepsy WAG/Rij rats Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Brigitta Brunner Csilla Ari Dominic P. D’Agostino Zsolt Kovács Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats
description	It has been previously demonstrated that KEKS food containing exogenous ketogenic supplement ketone salt (KS) and ketone ester (KE) decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-generated increase in SWD (spike-wave discharge) number in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats, likely through ketosis. KEKS-supplemented food-generated ketosis may increase adenosine levels, and may thus modulate both neuroinflammatory processes and epileptic activity through adenosine receptors (such as A1Rs and A2ARs). To determine whether these adenosine receptors are able to modify the KEKS food-generated alleviating effect on LPS-evoked increases in SWD number, an antagonist of A1R DPCPX (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine; 0.2 mg/kg) with LPS (50 µg/kg) and an antagonist of A2AR SCH58261 (7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine; 0.5 mg/kg) with LPS were co-injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the ninth day of KEKS food administration, and their influence not only on the SWD number, but also on blood glucose, R-beta-hydroxybutyrate (R-βHB) levels, and body weight were measured. We showed that inhibition of A1Rs abolished the alleviating effect of KEKS food on LPS-generated increases in the SWD number, whereas blocking A2ARs did not significantly modify the KEKS food-generated beneficial effect. Our results suggest that the neuromodulatory benefits of KEKS-supplemented food on absence epileptic activity are mediated primarily through A1R, not A2AR.
format	article
author	Brigitta Brunner Csilla Ari Dominic P. D’Agostino Zsolt Kovács
author_facet	Brigitta Brunner Csilla Ari Dominic P. D’Agostino Zsolt Kovács
author_sort	Brigitta Brunner
title	Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats
title_short	Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats
title_full	Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats
title_fullStr	Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats
title_full_unstemmed	Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats
title_sort	adenosine receptors modulate the exogenous ketogenic supplement-evoked alleviating effect on lipopolysaccharide-generated increase in absence epileptic activity in wag/rij rats
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0fa518cce41642e9b38b2b9fc6bfc82d
work_keys_str_mv	AT brigittabrunner adenosinereceptorsmodulatetheexogenousketogenicsupplementevokedalleviatingeffectonlipopolysaccharidegeneratedincreaseinabsenceepilepticactivityinwagrijrats AT csillaari adenosinereceptorsmodulatetheexogenousketogenicsupplementevokedalleviatingeffectonlipopolysaccharidegeneratedincreaseinabsenceepilepticactivityinwagrijrats AT dominicpdagostino adenosinereceptorsmodulatetheexogenousketogenicsupplementevokedalleviatingeffectonlipopolysaccharidegeneratedincreaseinabsenceepilepticactivityinwagrijrats AT zsoltkovacs adenosinereceptorsmodulatetheexogenousketogenicsupplementevokedalleviatingeffectonlipopolysaccharidegeneratedincreaseinabsenceepilepticactivityinwagrijrats
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Adenosine Receptors Modulate the Exogenous Ketogenic Supplement-Evoked Alleviating Effect on Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Increase in Absence Epileptic Activity in WAG/Rij Rats

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