Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 2016

In October 2016, Public Health England was initially notified of four cases of cryptosporidiosis among users of two swimming pools. We investigated to identify further cases, the outbreak source, and ensure the implementation of appropriate control measures. Probable primary cases had diarrhoea and...

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Autores principales:	Helen Bagnall, Rachel M. Chalmers, Michelle Henderson, Stewart Sorrell, Guy Robinson, Kristin Elwin, Gayle Dolan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Cryptosporidium</i> typing outbreaks swimming pools gp60 Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0fb33b0927ad4e3d82db4dac38bef4f8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0fb33b0927ad4e3d82db4dac38bef4f82021-11-25T19:14:49ZSwimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 201610.3390/w132231522073-4441https://doaj.org/article/0fb33b0927ad4e3d82db4dac38bef4f82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3152https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441In October 2016, Public Health England was initially notified of four cases of cryptosporidiosis among users of two swimming pools. We investigated to identify further cases, the outbreak source, and ensure the implementation of appropriate control measures. Probable primary cases had diarrhoea and reported swimming in the pools 1–12 days prior to illness; confirmed cases were verified by the reference laboratory. Secondary cases had contact with primary cases 1–12 days prior to illness. We identified twenty-two cases: eleven were primary (eight confirmed) and eleven were secondary (five confirmed). Four cases were infected with <i>C. parvum</i> (different <i>gp60</i> subtypes); all were primary and swam at two pools. Seven primary and secondary cases were infected with <i>C. hominis gp60</i> subtype IdA16, and all were associated one pool. Failings in pool water treatment and management were identified that likely contributed to the load on the filters and their efficiency. Our investigation identified a complex outbreak, with secondary transmission, involving exposures to two swimming pools. <i>C. hominis</i> IdA16 is rare; it has been isolated from only three previous UK cases. We hypothesize that <i>C. hominis</i> cases arose from a common exposure, and the <i>C. parvum</i> cases were likely sporadic. This investigation highlights the value of integrating epidemiology and microbiology to investigate clusters of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> cases, defining the extent of the outbreak and the likely transmission pathways.Helen BagnallRachel M. ChalmersMichelle HendersonStewart SorrellGuy RobinsonKristin ElwinGayle DolanMDPI AGarticle<i>Cryptosporidium</i>typingoutbreaksswimming poolsgp60Hydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3152, p 3152 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Cryptosporidium</i> typing outbreaks swimming pools gp60 Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	<i>Cryptosporidium</i> typing outbreaks swimming pools gp60 Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Helen Bagnall Rachel M. Chalmers Michelle Henderson Stewart Sorrell Guy Robinson Kristin Elwin Gayle Dolan Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 2016
description	In October 2016, Public Health England was initially notified of four cases of cryptosporidiosis among users of two swimming pools. We investigated to identify further cases, the outbreak source, and ensure the implementation of appropriate control measures. Probable primary cases had diarrhoea and reported swimming in the pools 1–12 days prior to illness; confirmed cases were verified by the reference laboratory. Secondary cases had contact with primary cases 1–12 days prior to illness. We identified twenty-two cases: eleven were primary (eight confirmed) and eleven were secondary (five confirmed). Four cases were infected with <i>C. parvum</i> (different <i>gp60</i> subtypes); all were primary and swam at two pools. Seven primary and secondary cases were infected with <i>C. hominis gp60</i> subtype IdA16, and all were associated one pool. Failings in pool water treatment and management were identified that likely contributed to the load on the filters and their efficiency. Our investigation identified a complex outbreak, with secondary transmission, involving exposures to two swimming pools. <i>C. hominis</i> IdA16 is rare; it has been isolated from only three previous UK cases. We hypothesize that <i>C. hominis</i> cases arose from a common exposure, and the <i>C. parvum</i> cases were likely sporadic. This investigation highlights the value of integrating epidemiology and microbiology to investigate clusters of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> cases, defining the extent of the outbreak and the likely transmission pathways.
format	article
author	Helen Bagnall Rachel M. Chalmers Michelle Henderson Stewart Sorrell Guy Robinson Kristin Elwin Gayle Dolan
author_facet	Helen Bagnall Rachel M. Chalmers Michelle Henderson Stewart Sorrell Guy Robinson Kristin Elwin Gayle Dolan
author_sort	Helen Bagnall
title	Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 2016
title_short	Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 2016
title_full	Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 2016
title_fullStr	Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 2016
title_full_unstemmed	Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 2016
title_sort	swimming pool-related outbreak of a rare <i>gp60</i> subtype of <i>cryptosporidium hominis</i>, england, october 2016
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0fb33b0927ad4e3d82db4dac38bef4f8
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Swimming Pool-Related Outbreak of a Rare <i>gp60</i> Subtype of <i>Cryptosporidium hominis</i>, England, October 2016

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