Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation

Natalia Horstmann Risso,1 Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia,2 Marília Teresa Oliveira,1 Sandra Elisa Haas,2 Tamara Ramos Maciel,2 Natália Reginatto Lazzari,3 Edilson Luis Kelmer,3 Jorge Abrão Pinto Vilela,3 Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann1 1Postgraduate Program in Animal Sc...

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Autores principales:	Horstmann Risso N, Ottonelli Stopiglia CD, Oliveira MT, Haas SE, Ramos Maciel T, Reginatto Lazzari N, Kelmer EL, Pinto Vilela JA, Beckmann DV
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	antisepsis cutaneous microbiota nanoformulation nanotechnology. Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0fdc088d716043289824ab5477c17587
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0fdc088d716043289824ab5477c175872021-12-02T11:29:17ZChlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/0fdc088d716043289824ab5477c175872020-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/chlorhexidine-nanoemulsion-a-new-antiseptic-formulation-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Natalia Horstmann Risso,1 Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia,2 Marília Teresa Oliveira,1 Sandra Elisa Haas,2 Tamara Ramos Maciel,2 Natália Reginatto Lazzari,3 Edilson Luis Kelmer,3 Jorge Abrão Pinto Vilela,3 Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann1 1Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil; 2Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; 3Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, BrazilCorrespondence: Diego Vilibaldo BeckmannBR 472 - Km 585, Campus UNIPAMPA-Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS 97501-970, BrazilTel +55 55999725509Fax +55 5539110204Email diegobeckmann@unipampa.edu.brIntroduction: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v).Methods: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal–Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann–Whitney test was performed when difference was detected.Results: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤ 0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p< 0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.Keywords: antisepsis, cutaneous microbiota, nanoformulation, nanotechnologyHorstmann Risso NOttonelli Stopiglia CDOliveira MTHaas SERamos Maciel TReginatto Lazzari NKelmer ELPinto Vilela JABeckmann DVDove Medical Pressarticleantisepsiscutaneous microbiotananoformulationnanotechnology.Medicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 6935-6944 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antisepsis cutaneous microbiota nanoformulation nanotechnology. Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	antisepsis cutaneous microbiota nanoformulation nanotechnology. Medicine (General) R5-920 Horstmann Risso N Ottonelli Stopiglia CD Oliveira MT Haas SE Ramos Maciel T Reginatto Lazzari N Kelmer EL Pinto Vilela JA Beckmann DV Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
description	Natalia Horstmann Risso,1 Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia,2 Marília Teresa Oliveira,1 Sandra Elisa Haas,2 Tamara Ramos Maciel,2 Natália Reginatto Lazzari,3 Edilson Luis Kelmer,3 Jorge Abrão Pinto Vilela,3 Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann1 1Postgraduate Program in Animal Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil; 2Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; 3Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, BrazilCorrespondence: Diego Vilibaldo BeckmannBR 472 - Km 585, Campus UNIPAMPA-Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS 97501-970, BrazilTel +55 55999725509Fax +55 5539110204Email diegobeckmann@unipampa.edu.brIntroduction: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v).Methods: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal–Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann–Whitney test was performed when difference was detected.Results: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤ 0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p< 0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.Keywords: antisepsis, cutaneous microbiota, nanoformulation, nanotechnology
format	article
author	Horstmann Risso N Ottonelli Stopiglia CD Oliveira MT Haas SE Ramos Maciel T Reginatto Lazzari N Kelmer EL Pinto Vilela JA Beckmann DV
author_facet	Horstmann Risso N Ottonelli Stopiglia CD Oliveira MT Haas SE Ramos Maciel T Reginatto Lazzari N Kelmer EL Pinto Vilela JA Beckmann DV
author_sort	Horstmann Risso N
title	Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_short	Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_full	Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_fullStr	Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_full_unstemmed	Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_sort	chlorhexidine nanoemulsion: a new antiseptic formulation
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/0fdc088d716043289824ab5477c17587
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Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation

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