Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities

Abstract Sixteen parent PAHs and twelve nitro-PAHs were measured in PM2.5 samples collected over one year (2013–2014) at nine urban sites in China. During the sampling period, concentrations of individual nitro-PAHs were one or two orders of magnitude lower than their parent PAHs. Typical seasonal v...

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Autores principales:	Di Liu, Tian Lin, Jabir Hussain Syed, Zhineng Cheng, Yue Xu, Kechang Li, Gan Zhang, Jun Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0fe79fdb9b434d83bd1405e730f4e71a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0fe79fdb9b434d83bd1405e730f4e71a2021-12-02T15:06:27ZConcentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities10.1038/s41598-017-10623-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/0fe79fdb9b434d83bd1405e730f4e71a2017-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10623-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Sixteen parent PAHs and twelve nitro-PAHs were measured in PM2.5 samples collected over one year (2013–2014) at nine urban sites in China. During the sampling period, concentrations of individual nitro-PAHs were one or two orders of magnitude lower than their parent PAHs. Typical seasonal variations in parent PAH concentrations, which increased 10- to 80- fold in winter compared to summer, were observed in this study. Conversely, the mean atmospheric concentrations of nitro-PAHs were similar in all four seasons, with the exception of 9-nitroanthracene (9n-Ant). Compared to other nitro-PAHs which were secondary formation products, 9n-Ant had a higher concentration and made up a larger proportion of total nitro-PAHs. Positive matrix factorization results indicated that 9n-Ant sources included biomass burning (20%), vehicle exhaust emissions (43%), and secondary formation (30%). Overall, the elevated concentrations of parent PAHs observed in winter correlated with the contribution from coal combustion at all sites, especially in north China (>80%). The contribution of secondary formation products to total nitro-PAHs was measured during the summer, and was especially high in the larger cities such as Shanghai (84%), Beijing (76%), Guangzhou (60%), and Chengdu (64%), largely due to the summer concentrations of parent PAHs were markedly lower than in winter.Di LiuTian LinJabir Hussain SyedZhineng ChengYue XuKechang LiGan ZhangJun LiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Di Liu Tian Lin Jabir Hussain Syed Zhineng Cheng Yue Xu Kechang Li Gan Zhang Jun Li Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities
description	Abstract Sixteen parent PAHs and twelve nitro-PAHs were measured in PM2.5 samples collected over one year (2013–2014) at nine urban sites in China. During the sampling period, concentrations of individual nitro-PAHs were one or two orders of magnitude lower than their parent PAHs. Typical seasonal variations in parent PAH concentrations, which increased 10- to 80- fold in winter compared to summer, were observed in this study. Conversely, the mean atmospheric concentrations of nitro-PAHs were similar in all four seasons, with the exception of 9-nitroanthracene (9n-Ant). Compared to other nitro-PAHs which were secondary formation products, 9n-Ant had a higher concentration and made up a larger proportion of total nitro-PAHs. Positive matrix factorization results indicated that 9n-Ant sources included biomass burning (20%), vehicle exhaust emissions (43%), and secondary formation (30%). Overall, the elevated concentrations of parent PAHs observed in winter correlated with the contribution from coal combustion at all sites, especially in north China (>80%). The contribution of secondary formation products to total nitro-PAHs was measured during the summer, and was especially high in the larger cities such as Shanghai (84%), Beijing (76%), Guangzhou (60%), and Chengdu (64%), largely due to the summer concentrations of parent PAHs were markedly lower than in winter.
format	article
author	Di Liu Tian Lin Jabir Hussain Syed Zhineng Cheng Yue Xu Kechang Li Gan Zhang Jun Li
author_facet	Di Liu Tian Lin Jabir Hussain Syed Zhineng Cheng Yue Xu Kechang Li Gan Zhang Jun Li
author_sort	Di Liu
title	Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities
title_short	Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities
title_full	Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities
title_fullStr	Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities
title_full_unstemmed	Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities
title_sort	concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of pm2.5-bound parent pahs and nitro-pahs in atmosphere from typical chinese cities
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/0fe79fdb9b434d83bd1405e730f4e71a
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Concentration, source identification, and exposure risk assessment of PM2.5-bound parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmosphere from typical Chinese cities

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