Role of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan

The Kamioka mine, located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan, is famous for the large water Cherenkov detector system, the Super-Kamiokande. The Kamioka skarn-type Pb–Zn deposits are formed in crystalline limestone and are replaced by skarn minerals within the Hida metamorphic rocks. The Kamioka deposits m...

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Autores principales:	Yuichi Morishita, Ayaka Wada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Kamioka deposit skarn-type Pb Zn carbon isotope oxygen isotope Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/0ff73276b2e94839b9e7ef5b71e5d1cf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:0ff73276b2e94839b9e7ef5b71e5d1cf2021-11-25T17:42:48ZRole of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan10.3390/geosciences111104472076-3263https://doaj.org/article/0ff73276b2e94839b9e7ef5b71e5d1cf2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/11/447https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263The Kamioka mine, located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan, is famous for the large water Cherenkov detector system, the Super-Kamiokande. The Kamioka skarn-type Pb–Zn deposits are formed in crystalline limestone and are replaced by skarn minerals within the Hida metamorphic rocks. The Kamioka deposits mainly consist of the Tochibora, Maruyama, and Mozumi deposits. The present study focuses on the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid activity in the Kamioka deposits and the peripheral exploration area based on the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of calcite and rare earth element (REE) analyses. The carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of crystalline limestone (as the host rock) are not homogeneous, and depending on the degree of hydrothermal activity, they decreased to various degrees because of the reaction with the ore fluids. Thus, the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of crystalline limestone can be used as an indicator of the influence of the hydrothermal fluids for the ore mineralization. The REE contents in the ores of igneous origin are one order of magnitude higher than the limestone origin. Further, depending on the formation temperatures, calcites precipitated during ore mineralization have a stable carbon isotope ratio and a widely varying oxygen isotope ratios. The Kamioka district fracture system is likely a major control factor on ore mineralization from hydrothermal activity. In addition, the skarnization-related ore-forming fluids are mostly meteoric in origin, confirming the conclusions from previous studies.Yuichi MorishitaAyaka WadaMDPI AGarticleKamioka depositskarn-typePbZncarbon isotopeoxygen isotopeGeologyQE1-996.5ENGeosciences, Vol 11, Iss 447, p 447 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Kamioka deposit skarn-type Pb Zn carbon isotope oxygen isotope Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	Kamioka deposit skarn-type Pb Zn carbon isotope oxygen isotope Geology QE1-996.5 Yuichi Morishita Ayaka Wada Role of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan
description	The Kamioka mine, located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan, is famous for the large water Cherenkov detector system, the Super-Kamiokande. The Kamioka skarn-type Pb–Zn deposits are formed in crystalline limestone and are replaced by skarn minerals within the Hida metamorphic rocks. The Kamioka deposits mainly consist of the Tochibora, Maruyama, and Mozumi deposits. The present study focuses on the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid activity in the Kamioka deposits and the peripheral exploration area based on the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of calcite and rare earth element (REE) analyses. The carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of crystalline limestone (as the host rock) are not homogeneous, and depending on the degree of hydrothermal activity, they decreased to various degrees because of the reaction with the ore fluids. Thus, the carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of crystalline limestone can be used as an indicator of the influence of the hydrothermal fluids for the ore mineralization. The REE contents in the ores of igneous origin are one order of magnitude higher than the limestone origin. Further, depending on the formation temperatures, calcites precipitated during ore mineralization have a stable carbon isotope ratio and a widely varying oxygen isotope ratios. The Kamioka district fracture system is likely a major control factor on ore mineralization from hydrothermal activity. In addition, the skarnization-related ore-forming fluids are mostly meteoric in origin, confirming the conclusions from previous studies.
format	article
author	Yuichi Morishita Ayaka Wada
author_facet	Yuichi Morishita Ayaka Wada
author_sort	Yuichi Morishita
title	Role of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan
title_short	Role of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan
title_full	Role of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan
title_fullStr	Role of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan
title_full_unstemmed	Role of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan
title_sort	role of hydrothermal fluids in the formation of the kamioka skarn-type pb–zn deposits, japan
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/0ff73276b2e94839b9e7ef5b71e5d1cf
work_keys_str_mv	AT yuichimorishita roleofhydrothermalfluidsintheformationofthekamiokaskarntypepbzndepositsjapan AT ayakawada roleofhydrothermalfluidsintheformationofthekamiokaskarntypepbzndepositsjapan
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Role of Hydrothermal Fluids in the Formation of the Kamioka Skarn-Type Pb–Zn Deposits, Japan

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