Insulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults

Lusikelelwe Mkumbuzi,1 Mvuyisi MO Mfengu,1 Godwill A Engwa,2 Constance R Sewani-Rusike1 1Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; 2Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu Uni...

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Autores principales:	Mkumbuzi L, Mfengu MMO, Engwa GA, Sewani-Rusike CR
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	obesity gut permeability inflammation insulin resistance Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/10049ccd207c4e3b900c3561751d0b12
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:10049ccd207c4e3b900c3561751d0b122021-12-02T10:53:12ZInsulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/10049ccd207c4e3b900c3561751d0b122020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/insulin-resistance-is-associated-with-gut-permeability-without-the-dir-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Lusikelelwe Mkumbuzi,1 Mvuyisi MO Mfengu,1 Godwill A Engwa,2 Constance R Sewani-Rusike1 1Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; 2Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South AfricaCorrespondence: Constance R Sewani-RusikeDepartment of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South AfricaEmail crusike@wsu.ac.zaObjective: Recent findings have associated insulin resistance and obesity with increased gut permeability. However, it still remains unclear whether obesity may be the underlining factor for the association between gut permeability and insulin resistance. This study investigated the relationship between gut permeability, measures of obesity, and markers of insulin resistance in young adults.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study which enrolled 151 young South African adults was conducted. Anthropometric measurements were performed to assess obesity. Adiponectin, leptin, and zonulin, a marker for gut permeability, were assayed. Insulin and fasting glucose were assayed and used to determine insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (%S) and beta cell function (%B).Results: Decreased adiponectin and increased leptin were associated (p< 0.05) with obesity. HOMA-IR inversely correlated (p< 0.05) with adiponectin but positively with leptin to adiponectin (Lept/ADP) ratio (p< 0.05) in females. Markers of insulin resistance were not associated (p> 0.05) with obesity. Overweight/obese (O/O) females had a significantly (p< 0.01) higher zonulin concentration than lean females. Zonulin positively associated (p< 0.05) with body mass index and visceral fat, as well as with HOMA-IR and insulin concentration. Lept/ADP ratio, an inflammatory marker, was associated with risk of insulin resistance. Increased insulin, a maker for insulin resistance, was associated with risk of gut permeability.Conclusion: Insulin resistance was associated with gut permeability without a direct influence by obesity in young adults. The lack of relationship between obesity and insulin resistance was possibly mediated by the contribution of obesity to gut permeability. This finding suggests that gut permeability may be a potential independent risk factor for the development of insulin resistance in healthy obese young adults.Keywords: obesity, gut permeability, inflammation, insulin resistanceMkumbuzi LMfengu MMOEngwa GASewani-Rusike CRDove Medical Pressarticleobesitygut permeabilityinflammationinsulin resistanceSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 13, Pp 2997-3008 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	obesity gut permeability inflammation insulin resistance Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	obesity gut permeability inflammation insulin resistance Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Mkumbuzi L Mfengu MMO Engwa GA Sewani-Rusike CR Insulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults
description	Lusikelelwe Mkumbuzi,1 Mvuyisi MO Mfengu,1 Godwill A Engwa,2 Constance R Sewani-Rusike1 1Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; 2Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South AfricaCorrespondence: Constance R Sewani-RusikeDepartment of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, PBX1, Mthatha 5117, South AfricaEmail crusike@wsu.ac.zaObjective: Recent findings have associated insulin resistance and obesity with increased gut permeability. However, it still remains unclear whether obesity may be the underlining factor for the association between gut permeability and insulin resistance. This study investigated the relationship between gut permeability, measures of obesity, and markers of insulin resistance in young adults.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study which enrolled 151 young South African adults was conducted. Anthropometric measurements were performed to assess obesity. Adiponectin, leptin, and zonulin, a marker for gut permeability, were assayed. Insulin and fasting glucose were assayed and used to determine insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (%S) and beta cell function (%B).Results: Decreased adiponectin and increased leptin were associated (p< 0.05) with obesity. HOMA-IR inversely correlated (p< 0.05) with adiponectin but positively with leptin to adiponectin (Lept/ADP) ratio (p< 0.05) in females. Markers of insulin resistance were not associated (p> 0.05) with obesity. Overweight/obese (O/O) females had a significantly (p< 0.01) higher zonulin concentration than lean females. Zonulin positively associated (p< 0.05) with body mass index and visceral fat, as well as with HOMA-IR and insulin concentration. Lept/ADP ratio, an inflammatory marker, was associated with risk of insulin resistance. Increased insulin, a maker for insulin resistance, was associated with risk of gut permeability.Conclusion: Insulin resistance was associated with gut permeability without a direct influence by obesity in young adults. The lack of relationship between obesity and insulin resistance was possibly mediated by the contribution of obesity to gut permeability. This finding suggests that gut permeability may be a potential independent risk factor for the development of insulin resistance in healthy obese young adults.Keywords: obesity, gut permeability, inflammation, insulin resistance
format	article
author	Mkumbuzi L Mfengu MMO Engwa GA Sewani-Rusike CR
author_facet	Mkumbuzi L Mfengu MMO Engwa GA Sewani-Rusike CR
author_sort	Mkumbuzi L
title	Insulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults
title_short	Insulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults
title_full	Insulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults
title_fullStr	Insulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults
title_full_unstemmed	Insulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults
title_sort	insulin resistance is associated with gut permeability without the direct influence of obesity in young adults
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/10049ccd207c4e3b900c3561751d0b12
work_keys_str_mv	AT mkumbuzil insulinresistanceisassociatedwithgutpermeabilitywithoutthedirectinfluenceofobesityinyoungadults AT mfengummo insulinresistanceisassociatedwithgutpermeabilitywithoutthedirectinfluenceofobesityinyoungadults AT engwaga insulinresistanceisassociatedwithgutpermeabilitywithoutthedirectinfluenceofobesityinyoungadults AT sewanirusikecr insulinresistanceisassociatedwithgutpermeabilitywithoutthedirectinfluenceofobesityinyoungadults
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Insulin Resistance is Associated with Gut Permeability Without the Direct Influence of Obesity in Young Adults

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