Evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system

Abstract Recent advances in materials and manufacturing processes have allowed the fabrication of intricate implant surfaces to facilitate bony attachment. However, refinement and evaluation of these new design strategies are hindered by the cost and complications of animal studies, particularly dur...

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Autores principales:	Rupak Dua, Hugh Jones, Philip C. Noble
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/10567e18cc0a4810beb2cb317f99763b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:10567e18cc0a4810beb2cb317f99763b2021-11-21T12:20:18ZEvaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system10.1038/s41598-021-02070-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/10567e18cc0a4810beb2cb317f99763b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02070-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Recent advances in materials and manufacturing processes have allowed the fabrication of intricate implant surfaces to facilitate bony attachment. However, refinement and evaluation of these new design strategies are hindered by the cost and complications of animal studies, particularly during early iterations in the development process. To address this problem, we have previously constructed and validated an ex-vivo bone bioreactor culture system that can maintain the viability of bone samples for an extended period ex-vivo. In this study, we investigated the mineralization of a titanium wire mesh scaffold under both static and dynamic culturing using our ex vivo bioreactor system. Thirty-six cancellous bone cores were harvested from bovine metatarsals at the time of slaughter and divided into five groups under the following conditions: Group 1) Isolated bone cores placed in static culture, Group 2) Unloaded bone cores placed in static culture in contact with a fiber-mesh metallic scaffold, Group 3) Bone cores placed in contact with a fiber-mesh metallic scaffold under the constant pressure of 150 kPa, Group 4) Bone core placed in contact with a fiber-mesh metallic scaffold and exposed to cyclic loading with continuous perfusion flow of media within the ex-vivo culture system and Group 5) Bone core evaluated on Day 0 to serve as a positive control for comparison with all other groups at weeks 4 and 7. Bone samples within Groups 1–4 were incubated for 4 and 7 weeks and then evaluated using histological examination (H&E) and the Live-Dead assay (Life Technologies). Matrix deposits on the metallic scaffolds were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the chemical composition of the matrix was measured using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). We found that the viability of bone cores was maintained after seven weeks of loading in our ex vivo system. In addition, SEM images revealed crystallite-like structures on the dynamically loaded metal coupons (Group 4), corresponding to the initial stages of mineralization. EDX results further confirmed the presence of carbon at the interface and calcium phosphates in the matrix. We conclude that a bone bioreactor can be used as an alternate tool for in-vivo bone ingrowth studies of new implant surfaces or coatings.Rupak DuaHugh JonesPhilip C. NobleNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rupak Dua Hugh Jones Philip C. Noble Evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system
description	Abstract Recent advances in materials and manufacturing processes have allowed the fabrication of intricate implant surfaces to facilitate bony attachment. However, refinement and evaluation of these new design strategies are hindered by the cost and complications of animal studies, particularly during early iterations in the development process. To address this problem, we have previously constructed and validated an ex-vivo bone bioreactor culture system that can maintain the viability of bone samples for an extended period ex-vivo. In this study, we investigated the mineralization of a titanium wire mesh scaffold under both static and dynamic culturing using our ex vivo bioreactor system. Thirty-six cancellous bone cores were harvested from bovine metatarsals at the time of slaughter and divided into five groups under the following conditions: Group 1) Isolated bone cores placed in static culture, Group 2) Unloaded bone cores placed in static culture in contact with a fiber-mesh metallic scaffold, Group 3) Bone cores placed in contact with a fiber-mesh metallic scaffold under the constant pressure of 150 kPa, Group 4) Bone core placed in contact with a fiber-mesh metallic scaffold and exposed to cyclic loading with continuous perfusion flow of media within the ex-vivo culture system and Group 5) Bone core evaluated on Day 0 to serve as a positive control for comparison with all other groups at weeks 4 and 7. Bone samples within Groups 1–4 were incubated for 4 and 7 weeks and then evaluated using histological examination (H&E) and the Live-Dead assay (Life Technologies). Matrix deposits on the metallic scaffolds were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the chemical composition of the matrix was measured using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). We found that the viability of bone cores was maintained after seven weeks of loading in our ex vivo system. In addition, SEM images revealed crystallite-like structures on the dynamically loaded metal coupons (Group 4), corresponding to the initial stages of mineralization. EDX results further confirmed the presence of carbon at the interface and calcium phosphates in the matrix. We conclude that a bone bioreactor can be used as an alternate tool for in-vivo bone ingrowth studies of new implant surfaces or coatings.
format	article
author	Rupak Dua Hugh Jones Philip C. Noble
author_facet	Rupak Dua Hugh Jones Philip C. Noble
author_sort	Rupak Dua
title	Evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system
title_short	Evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system
title_full	Evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system
title_fullStr	Evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system
title_sort	evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/10567e18cc0a4810beb2cb317f99763b
work_keys_str_mv	AT rupakdua evaluationofboneformationonorthopedicimplantsurfacesusinganexvivobonebioreactorsystem AT hughjones evaluationofboneformationonorthopedicimplantsurfacesusinganexvivobonebioreactorsystem AT philipcnoble evaluationofboneformationonorthopedicimplantsurfacesusinganexvivobonebioreactorsystem
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Evaluation of bone formation on orthopedic implant surfaces using an ex-vivo bone bioreactor system

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