Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology

Symmetry (and group theory) is a fundamental principle of theoretical physics. Finite symmetries, continuous symmetries of compact groups, and infinite-dimensional representations of noncompact Lie groups are at the core of solid physics, particle physics, and quantum physics, respectively. The latt...

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Autor principal:	Luciano Boi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	symmetry breaking symmetry geometry topology physics spacetime Mathematics QA1-939
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/10a4cef097c7442c95f623af5317c899
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:10a4cef097c7442c95f623af5317c8992021-11-25T19:06:44ZSymmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology10.3390/sym131121002073-8994https://doaj.org/article/10a4cef097c7442c95f623af5317c8992021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/11/2100https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994Symmetry (and group theory) is a fundamental principle of theoretical physics. Finite symmetries, continuous symmetries of compact groups, and infinite-dimensional representations of noncompact Lie groups are at the core of solid physics, particle physics, and quantum physics, respectively. The latter groups now play an important role in many branches of mathematics. In more recent years, we have been faced with the impact of topological quantum field theory (TQFT). Topology and symmetry have deep connections, but topology is inherently broader and more complex. While the presence of symmetry in physical phenomena imposes strong constraints, topology seems to be related to low-energy states and is very likely to provide information about the different dynamical trajectories and patterns that particles can follow. For example, regarding the relationship of topology to low-energy states, Hodge’s theory of harmonic forms shows that the zero-energy states (for differential forms) correspond to the cohomology. Regarding the relationship of topology to particle trajectories, a topological knot can be seen as an orbit with complex properties in spacetime. The various deformations or embeddings of the knot, performed in low or high dimensions, allow defining different equivalence classes or topological types, and interestingly, it is possible from these types to study the symmetries associated with the deformations and their changes. More specifically, in the present work, we address two issues: first, that quantum geometry deforms classical geometry, and that this topological deformation may produce physical effects that are specific to the quantum physics scale; and second, that mirror symmetry and the phenomenon of topological change are closely related. This paper was aimed at understanding the conceptual and physical significance of this connection.Luciano BoiMDPI AGarticlesymmetrybreaking symmetrygeometrytopologyphysicsspacetimeMathematicsQA1-939ENSymmetry, Vol 13, Iss 2100, p 2100 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	symmetry breaking symmetry geometry topology physics spacetime Mathematics QA1-939
spellingShingle	symmetry breaking symmetry geometry topology physics spacetime Mathematics QA1-939 Luciano Boi Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology
description	Symmetry (and group theory) is a fundamental principle of theoretical physics. Finite symmetries, continuous symmetries of compact groups, and infinite-dimensional representations of noncompact Lie groups are at the core of solid physics, particle physics, and quantum physics, respectively. The latter groups now play an important role in many branches of mathematics. In more recent years, we have been faced with the impact of topological quantum field theory (TQFT). Topology and symmetry have deep connections, but topology is inherently broader and more complex. While the presence of symmetry in physical phenomena imposes strong constraints, topology seems to be related to low-energy states and is very likely to provide information about the different dynamical trajectories and patterns that particles can follow. For example, regarding the relationship of topology to low-energy states, Hodge’s theory of harmonic forms shows that the zero-energy states (for differential forms) correspond to the cohomology. Regarding the relationship of topology to particle trajectories, a topological knot can be seen as an orbit with complex properties in spacetime. The various deformations or embeddings of the knot, performed in low or high dimensions, allow defining different equivalence classes or topological types, and interestingly, it is possible from these types to study the symmetries associated with the deformations and their changes. More specifically, in the present work, we address two issues: first, that quantum geometry deforms classical geometry, and that this topological deformation may produce physical effects that are specific to the quantum physics scale; and second, that mirror symmetry and the phenomenon of topological change are closely related. This paper was aimed at understanding the conceptual and physical significance of this connection.
format	article
author	Luciano Boi
author_facet	Luciano Boi
author_sort	Luciano Boi
title	Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology
title_short	Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology
title_full	Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology
title_fullStr	Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology
title_full_unstemmed	Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology
title_sort	symmetry and symmetry breaking in physics: from geometry to topology
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/10a4cef097c7442c95f623af5317c899
work_keys_str_mv	AT lucianoboi symmetryandsymmetrybreakinginphysicsfromgeometrytotopology
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Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology

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