Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.

<h4>Background</h4>Suicide rates are higher in rural Australia than in major cities, although the factors contributing to this are not well understood. This study highlights trends in suicide and examines the prevalence of mental health problems and service utilisation of non-Indigenous...

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Autores principales:	Scott J Fitzpatrick, Tonelle Handley, Nic Powell, Donna Read, Kerry J Inder, David Perkins, Bronwyn K Brew
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/10a84168ca814cd6997c9ab34e9ac2d7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:10a84168ca814cd6997c9ab34e9ac2d72021-12-02T20:04:59ZSuicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0245271https://doaj.org/article/10a84168ca814cd6997c9ab34e9ac2d72021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245271https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Suicide rates are higher in rural Australia than in major cities, although the factors contributing to this are not well understood. This study highlights trends in suicide and examines the prevalence of mental health problems and service utilisation of non-Indigenous Australians by geographic remoteness in rural Australia.<h4>Methods</h4>A retrospective study of National Coronial Information System data of intentional self-harm deaths in rural New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Tasmania for 2010-2015 from the National Coronial Information System.<h4>Results</h4>There were 3163 closed cases of intentional self-harm deaths by non-Indigenous Australians for the period 2010-2015. The suicide rate of 12.7 deaths per 100,000 persons was 11% higher than the national Australian rate and increased with remoteness. Among people who died by suicide, up to 56% had a diagnosed mental illness, and a further 24% had undiagnosed symptoms. Reported diagnoses of mental illness decreased with remoteness, as did treatment for mental illness, particularly in men. The most reported diagnoses were mood disorders (70%), psychotic disorders (9%) and anxiety disorders (8%). In the six weeks before suicide, 22% of cases had visited any type of health service at least once, and 6% had visited two or more services. Medication alone accounted for 76% of all cases treated.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Higher suicide rates in rural areas, which increase with remoteness, may be attributable to decreasing diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, particularly in men. Less availability of mental health specialists coupled with socio-demographic factors within more remote areas may contribute to lower mental health diagnoses and treatment. Despite an emphasis on improving health-seeking and service accessibility in rural Australia, research is needed to determine factors related to the under-utilisation of services and treatment by specific groups vulnerable to death by suicide.Scott J FitzpatrickTonelle HandleyNic PowellDonna ReadKerry J InderDavid PerkinsBronwyn K BrewPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0245271 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Scott J Fitzpatrick Tonelle Handley Nic Powell Donna Read Kerry J Inder David Perkins Bronwyn K Brew Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Suicide rates are higher in rural Australia than in major cities, although the factors contributing to this are not well understood. This study highlights trends in suicide and examines the prevalence of mental health problems and service utilisation of non-Indigenous Australians by geographic remoteness in rural Australia.<h4>Methods</h4>A retrospective study of National Coronial Information System data of intentional self-harm deaths in rural New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Tasmania for 2010-2015 from the National Coronial Information System.<h4>Results</h4>There were 3163 closed cases of intentional self-harm deaths by non-Indigenous Australians for the period 2010-2015. The suicide rate of 12.7 deaths per 100,000 persons was 11% higher than the national Australian rate and increased with remoteness. Among people who died by suicide, up to 56% had a diagnosed mental illness, and a further 24% had undiagnosed symptoms. Reported diagnoses of mental illness decreased with remoteness, as did treatment for mental illness, particularly in men. The most reported diagnoses were mood disorders (70%), psychotic disorders (9%) and anxiety disorders (8%). In the six weeks before suicide, 22% of cases had visited any type of health service at least once, and 6% had visited two or more services. Medication alone accounted for 76% of all cases treated.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Higher suicide rates in rural areas, which increase with remoteness, may be attributable to decreasing diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, particularly in men. Less availability of mental health specialists coupled with socio-demographic factors within more remote areas may contribute to lower mental health diagnoses and treatment. Despite an emphasis on improving health-seeking and service accessibility in rural Australia, research is needed to determine factors related to the under-utilisation of services and treatment by specific groups vulnerable to death by suicide.
format	article
author	Scott J Fitzpatrick Tonelle Handley Nic Powell Donna Read Kerry J Inder David Perkins Bronwyn K Brew
author_facet	Scott J Fitzpatrick Tonelle Handley Nic Powell Donna Read Kerry J Inder David Perkins Bronwyn K Brew
author_sort	Scott J Fitzpatrick
title	Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.
title_short	Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.
title_full	Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.
title_fullStr	Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.
title_full_unstemmed	Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.
title_sort	suicide in rural australia: a retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/10a84168ca814cd6997c9ab34e9ac2d7
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Suicide in rural Australia: A retrospective study of mental health problems, health-seeking and service utilisation.

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