Colonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019

Abstract The red fox is one of the most adaptable carnivores inhabiting cities. The aim of our study was to describe the process of Warsaw colonization by the red fox. We focused on: (1) the fox distribution in Warsaw on the basis of presence-absence data (2005–2012) over a grid of 1 × 1 km2, (2) th...

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Autores principales:	Mateusz Jackowiak, Jakub Gryz, Karolina Jasińska, Michał Brach, Leszek Bolibok, Piotr Kowal, Dagny Krauze-Gryz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/10bb67e098e644d49f1f2dbb46dd8850
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:10bb67e098e644d49f1f2dbb46dd88502021-12-02T18:33:58ZColonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–201910.1038/s41598-021-92844-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/10bb67e098e644d49f1f2dbb46dd88502021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92844-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The red fox is one of the most adaptable carnivores inhabiting cities. The aim of our study was to describe the process of Warsaw colonization by the red fox. We focused on: (1) the fox distribution in Warsaw on the basis of presence-absence data (2005–2012) over a grid of 1 × 1 km2, (2) the process of settlement in 29 green areas (study periods 1976–1978, 2004–2012, and 2016–2019) in relation to habitat type, and (3) temporal and spatial patterns of the red fox incidents (1998–2015) reported by Warsaw citizens. We found out that: (1) the red fox penetrated the whole city (i.e. its presence was confirmed in all squares of the grid), (2) 21% of the green areas were colonized in 1976–1978 but 93% in 2016–2019. Forests and riparian habitats were occupied more frequently than parks and cemeteries in 1976–1978 with no difference in the further years; (3) the probability of the fox incidents increased over years, was higher in June-October, on working days, and around noon, and with the share of discontinuous urban fabric in the buffers around incident locations. Nevertheless, the incidents only partially reflect population abundance trends and activity patterns of the species, so should be treated cautiously.Mateusz JackowiakJakub GryzKarolina JasińskaMichał BrachLeszek BolibokPiotr KowalDagny Krauze-GryzNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mateusz Jackowiak Jakub Gryz Karolina Jasińska Michał Brach Leszek Bolibok Piotr Kowal Dagny Krauze-Gryz Colonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019
description	Abstract The red fox is one of the most adaptable carnivores inhabiting cities. The aim of our study was to describe the process of Warsaw colonization by the red fox. We focused on: (1) the fox distribution in Warsaw on the basis of presence-absence data (2005–2012) over a grid of 1 × 1 km2, (2) the process of settlement in 29 green areas (study periods 1976–1978, 2004–2012, and 2016–2019) in relation to habitat type, and (3) temporal and spatial patterns of the red fox incidents (1998–2015) reported by Warsaw citizens. We found out that: (1) the red fox penetrated the whole city (i.e. its presence was confirmed in all squares of the grid), (2) 21% of the green areas were colonized in 1976–1978 but 93% in 2016–2019. Forests and riparian habitats were occupied more frequently than parks and cemeteries in 1976–1978 with no difference in the further years; (3) the probability of the fox incidents increased over years, was higher in June-October, on working days, and around noon, and with the share of discontinuous urban fabric in the buffers around incident locations. Nevertheless, the incidents only partially reflect population abundance trends and activity patterns of the species, so should be treated cautiously.
format	article
author	Mateusz Jackowiak Jakub Gryz Karolina Jasińska Michał Brach Leszek Bolibok Piotr Kowal Dagny Krauze-Gryz
author_facet	Mateusz Jackowiak Jakub Gryz Karolina Jasińska Michał Brach Leszek Bolibok Piotr Kowal Dagny Krauze-Gryz
author_sort	Mateusz Jackowiak
title	Colonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019
title_short	Colonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019
title_full	Colonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019
title_fullStr	Colonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019
title_full_unstemmed	Colonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019
title_sort	colonization of warsaw by the red fox vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/10bb67e098e644d49f1f2dbb46dd8850
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Colonization of Warsaw by the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the years 1976–2019

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