Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance

The Hessian fly is a destructive pest of wheat. Employing additional molecular strategies can complement wheat’s native insect resistance. However, this requires functional characterization of Hessian-fly-responsive genes, which is challenging because of wheat genome complexity. The diploid <i>...

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Autores principales:	Subhashree Subramanyam, Jill A. Nemacheck, Shaojun Xie, Ketaki Bhide, Jyothi Thimmapuram, Steven R. Scofield, Nagesh Sardesai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Mayetiola destructor</i> <i>Triticum aestivum</i> <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> Diptera plant–insect interaction RNA-Seq Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/111c05abd92242cb853b53b76466a5bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:111c05abd92242cb853b53b76466a5bb2021-11-11T16:57:41ZComparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance10.3390/ijms2221114981422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/111c05abd92242cb853b53b76466a5bb2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11498https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067The Hessian fly is a destructive pest of wheat. Employing additional molecular strategies can complement wheat’s native insect resistance. However, this requires functional characterization of Hessian-fly-responsive genes, which is challenging because of wheat genome complexity. The diploid <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> (Bd) exhibits nonhost resistance to Hessian fly and displays phenotypic/molecular responses intermediate between resistant and susceptible host wheat, offering a surrogate genome for gene characterization. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of Biotype L larvae residing on resistant/susceptible wheat, and nonhost Bd plants. Larvae from susceptible wheat and nonhost Bd plants revealed similar molecular responses that were distinct from avirulent larval responses on resistant wheat. Secreted salivary gland proteins were strongly up-regulated in all larvae. Genes from various biological pathways and molecular processes were up-regulated in larvae from both susceptible wheat and nonhost Bd plants. However, Bd larval expression levels were intermediate between larvae from susceptible and resistant wheat. Most genes were down-regulated or unchanged in avirulent larvae, correlating with their inability to establish feeding sites and dying within 4–5 days after egg-hatch. Decreased gene expression in Bd larvae, compared to ones on susceptible wheat, potentially led to developmentally delayed 2nd-instars, followed by eventually succumbing to nonhost resistance defense mechanisms.Subhashree SubramanyamJill A. NemacheckShaojun XieKetaki BhideJyothi ThimmapuramSteven R. ScofieldNagesh SardesaiMDPI AGarticle<i>Mayetiola destructor</i><i>Triticum aestivum</i><i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>Dipteraplant–insect interactionRNA-SeqBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11498, p 11498 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Mayetiola destructor</i> <i>Triticum aestivum</i> <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> Diptera plant–insect interaction RNA-Seq Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	<i>Mayetiola destructor</i> <i>Triticum aestivum</i> <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> Diptera plant–insect interaction RNA-Seq Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Subhashree Subramanyam Jill A. Nemacheck Shaojun Xie Ketaki Bhide Jyothi Thimmapuram Steven R. Scofield Nagesh Sardesai Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance
description	The Hessian fly is a destructive pest of wheat. Employing additional molecular strategies can complement wheat’s native insect resistance. However, this requires functional characterization of Hessian-fly-responsive genes, which is challenging because of wheat genome complexity. The diploid <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> (Bd) exhibits nonhost resistance to Hessian fly and displays phenotypic/molecular responses intermediate between resistant and susceptible host wheat, offering a surrogate genome for gene characterization. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of Biotype L larvae residing on resistant/susceptible wheat, and nonhost Bd plants. Larvae from susceptible wheat and nonhost Bd plants revealed similar molecular responses that were distinct from avirulent larval responses on resistant wheat. Secreted salivary gland proteins were strongly up-regulated in all larvae. Genes from various biological pathways and molecular processes were up-regulated in larvae from both susceptible wheat and nonhost Bd plants. However, Bd larval expression levels were intermediate between larvae from susceptible and resistant wheat. Most genes were down-regulated or unchanged in avirulent larvae, correlating with their inability to establish feeding sites and dying within 4–5 days after egg-hatch. Decreased gene expression in Bd larvae, compared to ones on susceptible wheat, potentially led to developmentally delayed 2nd-instars, followed by eventually succumbing to nonhost resistance defense mechanisms.
format	article
author	Subhashree Subramanyam Jill A. Nemacheck Shaojun Xie Ketaki Bhide Jyothi Thimmapuram Steven R. Scofield Nagesh Sardesai
author_facet	Subhashree Subramanyam Jill A. Nemacheck Shaojun Xie Ketaki Bhide Jyothi Thimmapuram Steven R. Scofield Nagesh Sardesai
author_sort	Subhashree Subramanyam
title	Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance
title_short	Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance
title_full	Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance
title_fullStr	Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance
title_sort	comparative hessian fly larval transcriptomics provides novel insight into host and nonhost resistance
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/111c05abd92242cb853b53b76466a5bb
work_keys_str_mv	AT subhashreesubramanyam comparativehessianflylarvaltranscriptomicsprovidesnovelinsightintohostandnonhostresistance AT jillanemacheck comparativehessianflylarvaltranscriptomicsprovidesnovelinsightintohostandnonhostresistance AT shaojunxie comparativehessianflylarvaltranscriptomicsprovidesnovelinsightintohostandnonhostresistance AT ketakibhide comparativehessianflylarvaltranscriptomicsprovidesnovelinsightintohostandnonhostresistance AT jyothithimmapuram comparativehessianflylarvaltranscriptomicsprovidesnovelinsightintohostandnonhostresistance AT stevenrscofield comparativehessianflylarvaltranscriptomicsprovidesnovelinsightintohostandnonhostresistance AT nageshsardesai comparativehessianflylarvaltranscriptomicsprovidesnovelinsightintohostandnonhostresistance
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Comparative Hessian Fly Larval Transcriptomics Provides Novel Insight into Host and Nonhost Resistance

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