Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis

Lithium imposes several cellular effects allegedly through multiple physiological mechanisms. Membrane depolarization is a potential unifying concept of these mechanisms. Multiple inherent imperfections of classical electrophysiology limit its ability to fully explain the depolarizing effect of lith...

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Autores principales:	Lubna Khreesha, Abdallah Barjas Qaswal, Baheth Al Omari, Moath Ahmad Albliwi, Omar Ababneh, Ahmad Albanna, Abdelrahman Abunab’ah, Mohammad Iswaid, Salameh Alarood, Hasan Guzu, Ghadeer Alshawabkeh, Fuad Mohammed Zayed, Mohammad Awad Abuhilaleh, Mohammad Nayel Al-Jbour, Salameh Obeidat, Aiman Suleiman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	quantum tunneling lithium quantum biology voltage-gated channel quantum conductance depolarization Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1126a778e67d4181a05e861195d41b72
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1126a778e67d4181a05e861195d41b722021-11-25T18:19:48ZQuantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis10.3390/membranes111108512077-0375https://doaj.org/article/1126a778e67d4181a05e861195d41b722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/11/851https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0375Lithium imposes several cellular effects allegedly through multiple physiological mechanisms. Membrane depolarization is a potential unifying concept of these mechanisms. Multiple inherent imperfections of classical electrophysiology limit its ability to fully explain the depolarizing effect of lithium ions; these include incapacity to explain the high resting permeability of lithium ions, the degree of depolarization with extracellular lithium concentration, depolarization at low therapeutic concentration, or the differences between the two lithium isotopes Li-6 and Li-7 in terms of depolarization. In this study, we implemented a mathematical model that explains the quantum tunneling of lithium ions through the closed gates of voltage-gated sodium channels as a conclusive approach that decodes the depolarizing action of lithium. Additionally, we compared our model to the classical model available and reported the differences. Our results showed that lithium can achieve high quantum membrane conductance at the resting state, which leads to significant depolarization. The quantum model infers that quantum membrane conductance of lithium ions emerges from quantum tunneling of lithium through the closed gates of sodium channels. It also differentiates between the two lithium isotopes (Li-6 and Li-7) in terms of depolarization compared with the previous classical model. Moreover, our study listed many examples of the cellular effects of lithium and membrane depolarization to show similarity and consistency with model predictions. In conclusion, the study suggests that lithium mediates its multiple cellular effects through membrane depolarization, and this can be comprehensively explained by the quantum tunneling model of lithium ions.Lubna KhreeshaAbdallah Barjas QaswalBaheth Al OmariMoath Ahmad AlbliwiOmar AbabnehAhmad AlbannaAbdelrahman Abunab’ahMohammad IswaidSalameh AlaroodHasan GuzuGhadeer AlshawabkehFuad Mohammed ZayedMohammad Awad AbuhilalehMohammad Nayel Al-JbourSalameh ObeidatAiman SuleimanMDPI AGarticlequantum tunnelinglithiumquantum biologyvoltage-gated channelquantum conductancedepolarizationChemical technologyTP1-1185Chemical engineeringTP155-156ENMembranes, Vol 11, Iss 851, p 851 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	quantum tunneling lithium quantum biology voltage-gated channel quantum conductance depolarization Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156
spellingShingle	quantum tunneling lithium quantum biology voltage-gated channel quantum conductance depolarization Chemical technology TP1-1185 Chemical engineering TP155-156 Lubna Khreesha Abdallah Barjas Qaswal Baheth Al Omari Moath Ahmad Albliwi Omar Ababneh Ahmad Albanna Abdelrahman Abunab’ah Mohammad Iswaid Salameh Alarood Hasan Guzu Ghadeer Alshawabkeh Fuad Mohammed Zayed Mohammad Awad Abuhilaleh Mohammad Nayel Al-Jbour Salameh Obeidat Aiman Suleiman Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis
description	Lithium imposes several cellular effects allegedly through multiple physiological mechanisms. Membrane depolarization is a potential unifying concept of these mechanisms. Multiple inherent imperfections of classical electrophysiology limit its ability to fully explain the depolarizing effect of lithium ions; these include incapacity to explain the high resting permeability of lithium ions, the degree of depolarization with extracellular lithium concentration, depolarization at low therapeutic concentration, or the differences between the two lithium isotopes Li-6 and Li-7 in terms of depolarization. In this study, we implemented a mathematical model that explains the quantum tunneling of lithium ions through the closed gates of voltage-gated sodium channels as a conclusive approach that decodes the depolarizing action of lithium. Additionally, we compared our model to the classical model available and reported the differences. Our results showed that lithium can achieve high quantum membrane conductance at the resting state, which leads to significant depolarization. The quantum model infers that quantum membrane conductance of lithium ions emerges from quantum tunneling of lithium through the closed gates of sodium channels. It also differentiates between the two lithium isotopes (Li-6 and Li-7) in terms of depolarization compared with the previous classical model. Moreover, our study listed many examples of the cellular effects of lithium and membrane depolarization to show similarity and consistency with model predictions. In conclusion, the study suggests that lithium mediates its multiple cellular effects through membrane depolarization, and this can be comprehensively explained by the quantum tunneling model of lithium ions.
format	article
author	Lubna Khreesha Abdallah Barjas Qaswal Baheth Al Omari Moath Ahmad Albliwi Omar Ababneh Ahmad Albanna Abdelrahman Abunab’ah Mohammad Iswaid Salameh Alarood Hasan Guzu Ghadeer Alshawabkeh Fuad Mohammed Zayed Mohammad Awad Abuhilaleh Mohammad Nayel Al-Jbour Salameh Obeidat Aiman Suleiman
author_facet	Lubna Khreesha Abdallah Barjas Qaswal Baheth Al Omari Moath Ahmad Albliwi Omar Ababneh Ahmad Albanna Abdelrahman Abunab’ah Mohammad Iswaid Salameh Alarood Hasan Guzu Ghadeer Alshawabkeh Fuad Mohammed Zayed Mohammad Awad Abuhilaleh Mohammad Nayel Al-Jbour Salameh Obeidat Aiman Suleiman
author_sort	Lubna Khreesha
title	Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis
title_short	Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis
title_full	Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis
title_fullStr	Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis
title_full_unstemmed	Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis
title_sort	quantum tunneling-induced membrane depolarization can explain the cellular effects mediated by lithium: mathematical modeling and hypothesis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1126a778e67d4181a05e861195d41b72
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Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis

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