Identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter

Abstract Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently leads to psychological/social dysfunction if unaddressed. Identifying a reliable biomarker would assist the diagnosis of adult ADHD and ensure that adults with ADHD receive treatment. Pupil diameter can reflect inherent neural...

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Autores principales:	Sou Nobukawa, Aya Shirama, Tetsuya Takahashi, Toshinobu Takeda, Haruhisa Ohta, Mitsuru Kikuchi, Akira Iwanami, Nobumasa Kato, Shigenobu Toda
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/113917d62b7046f2b8225d76206d489f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:113917d62b7046f2b8225d76206d489f2021-12-02T13:39:29ZIdentification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter10.1038/s41598-021-88191-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/113917d62b7046f2b8225d76206d489f2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88191-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently leads to psychological/social dysfunction if unaddressed. Identifying a reliable biomarker would assist the diagnosis of adult ADHD and ensure that adults with ADHD receive treatment. Pupil diameter can reflect inherent neural activity and deficits of attention or arousal characteristic of ADHD. Furthermore, distinct profiles of the complexity and symmetricity of neural activity are associated with some psychiatric disorders. We hypothesized that analysing the relationship between the size, complexity of temporal patterns, and asymmetricity of pupil diameters will help characterize the nervous systems of adults with ADHD and that an identification method combining these features would ease the diagnosis of adult ADHD. To validate this hypothesis, we evaluated the resting state hippus in adult participants with or without ADHD by examining the pupil diameter and its temporal complexity using sample entropy and the asymmetricity of the left and right pupils using transfer entropy. We found that large pupil diameters and low temporal complexity and symmetry were associated with ADHD. Moreover, the combination of these factors by the classifier enhanced the accuracy of ADHD identification. These findings may contribute to the development of tools to diagnose adult ADHD.Sou NobukawaAya ShiramaTetsuya TakahashiToshinobu TakedaHaruhisa OhtaMitsuru KikuchiAkira IwanamiNobumasa KatoShigenobu TodaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sou Nobukawa Aya Shirama Tetsuya Takahashi Toshinobu Takeda Haruhisa Ohta Mitsuru Kikuchi Akira Iwanami Nobumasa Kato Shigenobu Toda Identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter
description	Abstract Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently leads to psychological/social dysfunction if unaddressed. Identifying a reliable biomarker would assist the diagnosis of adult ADHD and ensure that adults with ADHD receive treatment. Pupil diameter can reflect inherent neural activity and deficits of attention or arousal characteristic of ADHD. Furthermore, distinct profiles of the complexity and symmetricity of neural activity are associated with some psychiatric disorders. We hypothesized that analysing the relationship between the size, complexity of temporal patterns, and asymmetricity of pupil diameters will help characterize the nervous systems of adults with ADHD and that an identification method combining these features would ease the diagnosis of adult ADHD. To validate this hypothesis, we evaluated the resting state hippus in adult participants with or without ADHD by examining the pupil diameter and its temporal complexity using sample entropy and the asymmetricity of the left and right pupils using transfer entropy. We found that large pupil diameters and low temporal complexity and symmetry were associated with ADHD. Moreover, the combination of these factors by the classifier enhanced the accuracy of ADHD identification. These findings may contribute to the development of tools to diagnose adult ADHD.
format	article
author	Sou Nobukawa Aya Shirama Tetsuya Takahashi Toshinobu Takeda Haruhisa Ohta Mitsuru Kikuchi Akira Iwanami Nobumasa Kato Shigenobu Toda
author_facet	Sou Nobukawa Aya Shirama Tetsuya Takahashi Toshinobu Takeda Haruhisa Ohta Mitsuru Kikuchi Akira Iwanami Nobumasa Kato Shigenobu Toda
author_sort	Sou Nobukawa
title	Identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter
title_short	Identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter
title_full	Identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter
title_fullStr	Identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter
title_full_unstemmed	Identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter
title_sort	identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/113917d62b7046f2b8225d76206d489f
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Identification of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on the complexity and symmetricity of pupil diameter

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