Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads

As a result of forest fragmentation, ecotones have become an important contribution to the landscape. The areas that include ecotones are constantly growing, thus creating new habitats for plants and animals. The factor that has the greatest impact on the configuration and extent of an ecotone is ca...

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Autores principales:	Justyna Czaja, Zbigniew Wilczek, Damian Chmura
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	edge effect forest ecotone expressways fragmentation forest margin Plant ecology QK900-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1149aa327f50488ea9d715762699e5f9
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:1149aa327f50488ea9d715762699e5f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1149aa327f50488ea9d715762699e5f92021-11-25T17:37:54ZShaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads10.3390/f121114901999-4907https://doaj.org/article/1149aa327f50488ea9d715762699e5f92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1490https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907As a result of forest fragmentation, ecotones have become an important contribution to the landscape. The areas that include ecotones are constantly growing, thus creating new habitats for plants and animals. The factor that has the greatest impact on the configuration and extent of an ecotone is called the “edge effect”. The aim of this study was to determine the width of the ecotones in forests that are adjacent to an expressway and to characterize the edge effect they produced. The research was performed along ten transects situated at the edge of a forest and in the interior part of a forest (plots from 0 to 200 m). The structures of the forest stand, trees, shrubs, dwarf shrubs and herbs were determined and data on the species composition and species cover were also collected. Results of the statistical analyses (linear mixed models as well as detrended and canonical correspondence analyses) indicated significant changes in the structure, species composition, and species turnover that were dependent on the distance from the edge of the forest. It was shown that shrubs (cover, density, species richness) were the most affected while vascular plants were the least affected. However, the changes were ambiguous. There was either an increase or decrease in the individual parameters of the forest structure and the coverage of forest species. The extent of the forest edge began at a minimum distance of 0–20 m.Justyna CzajaZbigniew WilczekDamian ChmuraMDPI AGarticleedge effectforest ecotoneexpresswaysfragmentationforest marginPlant ecologyQK900-989ENForests, Vol 12, Iss 1490, p 1490 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	edge effect forest ecotone expressways fragmentation forest margin Plant ecology QK900-989
spellingShingle	edge effect forest ecotone expressways fragmentation forest margin Plant ecology QK900-989 Justyna Czaja Zbigniew Wilczek Damian Chmura Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads
description	As a result of forest fragmentation, ecotones have become an important contribution to the landscape. The areas that include ecotones are constantly growing, thus creating new habitats for plants and animals. The factor that has the greatest impact on the configuration and extent of an ecotone is called the “edge effect”. The aim of this study was to determine the width of the ecotones in forests that are adjacent to an expressway and to characterize the edge effect they produced. The research was performed along ten transects situated at the edge of a forest and in the interior part of a forest (plots from 0 to 200 m). The structures of the forest stand, trees, shrubs, dwarf shrubs and herbs were determined and data on the species composition and species cover were also collected. Results of the statistical analyses (linear mixed models as well as detrended and canonical correspondence analyses) indicated significant changes in the structure, species composition, and species turnover that were dependent on the distance from the edge of the forest. It was shown that shrubs (cover, density, species richness) were the most affected while vascular plants were the least affected. However, the changes were ambiguous. There was either an increase or decrease in the individual parameters of the forest structure and the coverage of forest species. The extent of the forest edge began at a minimum distance of 0–20 m.
format	article
author	Justyna Czaja Zbigniew Wilczek Damian Chmura
author_facet	Justyna Czaja Zbigniew Wilczek Damian Chmura
author_sort	Justyna Czaja
title	Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads
title_short	Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads
title_full	Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads
title_fullStr	Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads
title_full_unstemmed	Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads
title_sort	shaping the ecotone zone in forest communities that are adjacent to expressway roads
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/1149aa327f50488ea9d715762699e5f9
work_keys_str_mv	AT justynaczaja shapingtheecotonezoneinforestcommunitiesthatareadjacenttoexpresswayroads AT zbigniewwilczek shapingtheecotonezoneinforestcommunitiesthatareadjacenttoexpresswayroads AT damianchmura shapingtheecotonezoneinforestcommunitiesthatareadjacenttoexpresswayroads
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Shaping the Ecotone Zone in Forest Communities That Are Adjacent to Expressway Roads

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