Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

Abstract The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is the world’s main production site of Antarctic Bottom Water, a water-mass that is ventilated at the ocean surface before sinking and entraining older water-masses—ultimately replenishing the abyssal global ocean. In recent decades, numerous attemp...

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Autores principales:	Camille Hayatte Akhoudas, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, F. Alexander Haumann, Michael P. Meredith, Alberto Naveira Garabato, Gilles Reverdin, Loïc Jullion, Giovanni Aloisi, Marion Benetti, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/115b07ed5dc64b3aba0b2dbf111a2abf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:115b07ed5dc64b3aba0b2dbf111a2abf2021-12-02T17:04:34ZVentilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean10.1038/s41598-021-86043-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/115b07ed5dc64b3aba0b2dbf111a2abf2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86043-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is the world’s main production site of Antarctic Bottom Water, a water-mass that is ventilated at the ocean surface before sinking and entraining older water-masses—ultimately replenishing the abyssal global ocean. In recent decades, numerous attempts at estimating the rates of ventilation and overturning of Antarctic Bottom Water in this region have led to a strikingly broad range of results, with water transport-based calculations (8.4–9.7 Sv) yielding larger rates than tracer-based estimates (3.7–4.9 Sv). Here, we reconcile these conflicting views by integrating transport- and tracer-based estimates within a common analytical framework, in which bottom water formation processes are explicitly quantified. We show that the layer of Antarctic Bottom Water denser than 28.36 kg m $$^{-3}$$ - 3 $$\gamma _{n}$$ γ n is exported northward at a rate of 8.4 ± 0.7 Sv, composed of 4.5 ± 0.3 Sv of well-ventilated Dense Shelf Water, and 3.9 ± 0.5 Sv of old Circumpolar Deep Water entrained into cascading plumes. The majority, but not all, of the Dense Shelf Water (3.4 ± 0.6 Sv) is generated on the continental shelves of the Weddell Sea. Only 55% of AABW exported from the region is well ventilated and thus draws down heat and carbon into the deep ocean. Our findings unify traditionally contrasting views of Antarctic Bottom Water production in the Atlantic sector, and define a baseline, process-discerning target for its realistic representation in climate models.Camille Hayatte AkhoudasJean-Baptiste SalléeF. Alexander HaumannMichael P. MeredithAlberto Naveira GarabatoGilles ReverdinLoïc JullionGiovanni AloisiMarion BenettiMelanie J. LengCarol ArrowsmithNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Camille Hayatte Akhoudas Jean-Baptiste Sallée F. Alexander Haumann Michael P. Meredith Alberto Naveira Garabato Gilles Reverdin Loïc Jullion Giovanni Aloisi Marion Benetti Melanie J. Leng Carol Arrowsmith Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
description	Abstract The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is the world’s main production site of Antarctic Bottom Water, a water-mass that is ventilated at the ocean surface before sinking and entraining older water-masses—ultimately replenishing the abyssal global ocean. In recent decades, numerous attempts at estimating the rates of ventilation and overturning of Antarctic Bottom Water in this region have led to a strikingly broad range of results, with water transport-based calculations (8.4–9.7 Sv) yielding larger rates than tracer-based estimates (3.7–4.9 Sv). Here, we reconcile these conflicting views by integrating transport- and tracer-based estimates within a common analytical framework, in which bottom water formation processes are explicitly quantified. We show that the layer of Antarctic Bottom Water denser than 28.36 kg m $$^{-3}$$ - 3 $$\gamma _{n}$$ γ n is exported northward at a rate of 8.4 ± 0.7 Sv, composed of 4.5 ± 0.3 Sv of well-ventilated Dense Shelf Water, and 3.9 ± 0.5 Sv of old Circumpolar Deep Water entrained into cascading plumes. The majority, but not all, of the Dense Shelf Water (3.4 ± 0.6 Sv) is generated on the continental shelves of the Weddell Sea. Only 55% of AABW exported from the region is well ventilated and thus draws down heat and carbon into the deep ocean. Our findings unify traditionally contrasting views of Antarctic Bottom Water production in the Atlantic sector, and define a baseline, process-discerning target for its realistic representation in climate models.
format	article
author	Camille Hayatte Akhoudas Jean-Baptiste Sallée F. Alexander Haumann Michael P. Meredith Alberto Naveira Garabato Gilles Reverdin Loïc Jullion Giovanni Aloisi Marion Benetti Melanie J. Leng Carol Arrowsmith
author_facet	Camille Hayatte Akhoudas Jean-Baptiste Sallée F. Alexander Haumann Michael P. Meredith Alberto Naveira Garabato Gilles Reverdin Loïc Jullion Giovanni Aloisi Marion Benetti Melanie J. Leng Carol Arrowsmith
author_sort	Camille Hayatte Akhoudas
title	Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_short	Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_full	Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_fullStr	Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_full_unstemmed	Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_sort	ventilation of the abyss in the atlantic sector of the southern ocean
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/115b07ed5dc64b3aba0b2dbf111a2abf
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Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

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