Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.

Use of optical imaging for medical and scientific applications requires accurate quantification of features such as object size, color, and brightness. High pixel density cameras available on modern mobile phones have made photography simple and convenient for consumer applications; however, the cam...

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Autores principales:	Arunan Skandarajah, Clay D Reber, Neil A Switz, Daniel A Fletcher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/1191ccd952a043ee8a3b4b9a3f35957f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:1191ccd952a043ee8a3b4b9a3f35957f2021-11-18T08:19:35ZQuantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0096906https://doaj.org/article/1191ccd952a043ee8a3b4b9a3f35957f2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24824072/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Use of optical imaging for medical and scientific applications requires accurate quantification of features such as object size, color, and brightness. High pixel density cameras available on modern mobile phones have made photography simple and convenient for consumer applications; however, the camera hardware and software that enables this simplicity can present a barrier to accurate quantification of image data. This issue is exacerbated by automated settings, proprietary image processing algorithms, rapid phone evolution, and the diversity of manufacturers. If mobile phone cameras are to live up to their potential to increase access to healthcare in low-resource settings, limitations of mobile phone-based imaging must be fully understood and addressed with procedures that minimize their effects on image quantification. Here we focus on microscopic optical imaging using a custom mobile phone microscope that is compatible with phones from multiple manufacturers. We demonstrate that quantitative microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution can be carried out with multiple phones and that image linearity, distortion, and color can be corrected as needed. Using all versions of the iPhone and a selection of Android phones released between 2007 and 2012, we show that phones with greater than 5 MP are capable of nearly diffraction-limited resolution over a broad range of magnifications, including those relevant for single cell imaging. We find that automatic focus, exposure, and color gain standard on mobile phones can degrade image resolution and reduce accuracy of color capture if uncorrected, and we devise procedures to avoid these barriers to quantitative imaging. By accommodating the differences between mobile phone cameras and the scientific cameras, mobile phone microscopes can be reliably used to increase access to quantitative imaging for a variety of medical and scientific applications.Arunan SkandarajahClay D ReberNeil A SwitzDaniel A FletcherPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 5, p e96906 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Arunan Skandarajah Clay D Reber Neil A Switz Daniel A Fletcher Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
description	Use of optical imaging for medical and scientific applications requires accurate quantification of features such as object size, color, and brightness. High pixel density cameras available on modern mobile phones have made photography simple and convenient for consumer applications; however, the camera hardware and software that enables this simplicity can present a barrier to accurate quantification of image data. This issue is exacerbated by automated settings, proprietary image processing algorithms, rapid phone evolution, and the diversity of manufacturers. If mobile phone cameras are to live up to their potential to increase access to healthcare in low-resource settings, limitations of mobile phone-based imaging must be fully understood and addressed with procedures that minimize their effects on image quantification. Here we focus on microscopic optical imaging using a custom mobile phone microscope that is compatible with phones from multiple manufacturers. We demonstrate that quantitative microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution can be carried out with multiple phones and that image linearity, distortion, and color can be corrected as needed. Using all versions of the iPhone and a selection of Android phones released between 2007 and 2012, we show that phones with greater than 5 MP are capable of nearly diffraction-limited resolution over a broad range of magnifications, including those relevant for single cell imaging. We find that automatic focus, exposure, and color gain standard on mobile phones can degrade image resolution and reduce accuracy of color capture if uncorrected, and we devise procedures to avoid these barriers to quantitative imaging. By accommodating the differences between mobile phone cameras and the scientific cameras, mobile phone microscopes can be reliably used to increase access to quantitative imaging for a variety of medical and scientific applications.
format	article
author	Arunan Skandarajah Clay D Reber Neil A Switz Daniel A Fletcher
author_facet	Arunan Skandarajah Clay D Reber Neil A Switz Daniel A Fletcher
author_sort	Arunan Skandarajah
title	Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
title_short	Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
title_full	Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
title_fullStr	Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
title_full_unstemmed	Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
title_sort	quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/1191ccd952a043ee8a3b4b9a3f35957f
work_keys_str_mv	AT arunanskandarajah quantitativeimagingwithamobilephonemicroscope AT claydreber quantitativeimagingwithamobilephonemicroscope AT neilaswitz quantitativeimagingwithamobilephonemicroscope AT danielafletcher quantitativeimagingwithamobilephonemicroscope
_version_	1718421906525257728

Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.

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