Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.

At the turn of the 19(th) century, trypanosomes were identified as the causative agent of sleeping sickness and their presence within the cerebrospinal fluid of late stage sleeping sickness patients was described. However, no definitive proof of how the parasites reach the brain has been presented s...

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Autores principales:	Hartwig Wolburg, Stefan Mogk, Sven Acker, Claudia Frey, Monika Meinert, Caroline Schönfeld, Michael Lazarus, Yoshihiro Urade, Bruno Kilunga Kubata, Michael Duszenko
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/11a9145123b745e4981c863c2458fd56
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:11a9145123b745e4981c863c2458fd562021-11-18T07:24:09ZLate stage infection in sleeping sickness.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0034304https://doaj.org/article/11a9145123b745e4981c863c2458fd562012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22496723/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203At the turn of the 19(th) century, trypanosomes were identified as the causative agent of sleeping sickness and their presence within the cerebrospinal fluid of late stage sleeping sickness patients was described. However, no definitive proof of how the parasites reach the brain has been presented so far. Analyzing electron micrographs prepared from rodent brains more than 20 days after infection, we present here conclusive evidence that the parasites first enter the brain via the choroid plexus from where they penetrate the epithelial cell layer to reach the ventricular system. Adversely, no trypanosomes were observed within the parenchyma outside blood vessels. We also show that brain infection depends on the formation of long slender trypanosomes and that the cerebrospinal fluid as well as the stroma of the choroid plexus is a hostile environment for the survival of trypanosomes, which enter the pial space including the Virchow-Robin space via the subarachnoid space to escape degradation. Our data suggest that trypanosomes do not intend to colonize the brain but reside near or within the glia limitans, from where they can re-populate blood vessels and disrupt the sleep wake cycles.Hartwig WolburgStefan MogkSven AckerClaudia FreyMonika MeinertCaroline SchönfeldMichael LazarusMichael LazarusYoshihiro UradeBruno Kilunga KubataMichael DuszenkoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e34304 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hartwig Wolburg Stefan Mogk Sven Acker Claudia Frey Monika Meinert Caroline Schönfeld Michael Lazarus Michael Lazarus Yoshihiro Urade Bruno Kilunga Kubata Michael Duszenko Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.
description	At the turn of the 19(th) century, trypanosomes were identified as the causative agent of sleeping sickness and their presence within the cerebrospinal fluid of late stage sleeping sickness patients was described. However, no definitive proof of how the parasites reach the brain has been presented so far. Analyzing electron micrographs prepared from rodent brains more than 20 days after infection, we present here conclusive evidence that the parasites first enter the brain via the choroid plexus from where they penetrate the epithelial cell layer to reach the ventricular system. Adversely, no trypanosomes were observed within the parenchyma outside blood vessels. We also show that brain infection depends on the formation of long slender trypanosomes and that the cerebrospinal fluid as well as the stroma of the choroid plexus is a hostile environment for the survival of trypanosomes, which enter the pial space including the Virchow-Robin space via the subarachnoid space to escape degradation. Our data suggest that trypanosomes do not intend to colonize the brain but reside near or within the glia limitans, from where they can re-populate blood vessels and disrupt the sleep wake cycles.
format	article
author	Hartwig Wolburg Stefan Mogk Sven Acker Claudia Frey Monika Meinert Caroline Schönfeld Michael Lazarus Michael Lazarus Yoshihiro Urade Bruno Kilunga Kubata Michael Duszenko
author_facet	Hartwig Wolburg Stefan Mogk Sven Acker Claudia Frey Monika Meinert Caroline Schönfeld Michael Lazarus Michael Lazarus Yoshihiro Urade Bruno Kilunga Kubata Michael Duszenko
author_sort	Hartwig Wolburg
title	Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.
title_short	Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.
title_full	Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.
title_fullStr	Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.
title_full_unstemmed	Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.
title_sort	late stage infection in sleeping sickness.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/11a9145123b745e4981c863c2458fd56
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Late stage infection in sleeping sickness.

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