Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering tha...

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Autores principales:	Florentina Maxim, Iuliana Poenaru, Elena Ecaterina Toma, Giuseppe Stefan Stoian, Florina Teodorescu, Cristian Hornoiu, Speranta Tanasescu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	supercritical water waste treatment supercritical water gasification supercritical water oxidation metal catalysts metal oxides catalysts Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/11e183ad74db4ca18f2283aae8b6e1c4
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:11e183ad74db4ca18f2283aae8b6e1c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:11e183ad74db4ca18f2283aae8b6e1c42021-11-11T16:06:51ZFunctional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water10.3390/en142173991996-1073https://doaj.org/article/11e183ad74db4ca18f2283aae8b6e1c42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7399https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering that SCW technologies are green and energetically effective, to implement them on a large scale is a worldwide interest. However, issues related to the stability and functionality of materials used in the harsh conditions of SCW reactors still need to be addressed. Here we present an overview on materials used in the SCW technologies for energy harvesting from wastes. There are catalysts based on metals or metal oxides, and we discuss on these materials’ efficiency and selectivity in SCW conditions. We focus on processes relevant to the waste-to-energy field, such as supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). We discuss the results reported, mainly in the last decades in connection to the current concept of supercritical pseudo-boiling (PB), a phenomenon occurring at the phase change from liquid-like (LL) to gas-like (GL) state of a fluid. This review aims to be a useful database that provides guidelines for the selection of the abovementioned functional materials (catalysts, catalyst supports, and sorbents) for the SCW process, starting from wastes and ending with energy-relevant products.Florentina MaximIuliana PoenaruElena Ecaterina TomaGiuseppe Stefan StoianFlorina TeodorescuCristian HornoiuSperanta TanasescuMDPI AGarticlesupercritical waterwaste treatmentsupercritical water gasificationsupercritical water oxidationmetal catalystsmetal oxides catalystsTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7399, p 7399 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	supercritical water waste treatment supercritical water gasification supercritical water oxidation metal catalysts metal oxides catalysts Technology T
spellingShingle	supercritical water waste treatment supercritical water gasification supercritical water oxidation metal catalysts metal oxides catalysts Technology T Florentina Maxim Iuliana Poenaru Elena Ecaterina Toma Giuseppe Stefan Stoian Florina Teodorescu Cristian Hornoiu Speranta Tanasescu Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water
description	In response to increasing energy demand, various types of organic wastes, including industrial and municipal wastewaters, or biomass wastes, are considered reliable energy sources. Wastes are now treated in supercritical water (SCW) for non-fossil fuel production and energy recovery. Considering that SCW technologies are green and energetically effective, to implement them on a large scale is a worldwide interest. However, issues related to the stability and functionality of materials used in the harsh conditions of SCW reactors still need to be addressed. Here we present an overview on materials used in the SCW technologies for energy harvesting from wastes. There are catalysts based on metals or metal oxides, and we discuss on these materials’ efficiency and selectivity in SCW conditions. We focus on processes relevant to the waste-to-energy field, such as supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). We discuss the results reported, mainly in the last decades in connection to the current concept of supercritical pseudo-boiling (PB), a phenomenon occurring at the phase change from liquid-like (LL) to gas-like (GL) state of a fluid. This review aims to be a useful database that provides guidelines for the selection of the abovementioned functional materials (catalysts, catalyst supports, and sorbents) for the SCW process, starting from wastes and ending with energy-relevant products.
format	article
author	Florentina Maxim Iuliana Poenaru Elena Ecaterina Toma Giuseppe Stefan Stoian Florina Teodorescu Cristian Hornoiu Speranta Tanasescu
author_facet	Florentina Maxim Iuliana Poenaru Elena Ecaterina Toma Giuseppe Stefan Stoian Florina Teodorescu Cristian Hornoiu Speranta Tanasescu
author_sort	Florentina Maxim
title	Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water
title_short	Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water
title_full	Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water
title_fullStr	Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water
title_full_unstemmed	Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water
title_sort	functional materials for waste-to-energy processes in supercritical water
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/11e183ad74db4ca18f2283aae8b6e1c4
work_keys_str_mv	AT florentinamaxim functionalmaterialsforwastetoenergyprocessesinsupercriticalwater AT iulianapoenaru functionalmaterialsforwastetoenergyprocessesinsupercriticalwater AT elenaecaterinatoma functionalmaterialsforwastetoenergyprocessesinsupercriticalwater AT giuseppestefanstoian functionalmaterialsforwastetoenergyprocessesinsupercriticalwater AT florinateodorescu functionalmaterialsforwastetoenergyprocessesinsupercriticalwater AT cristianhornoiu functionalmaterialsforwastetoenergyprocessesinsupercriticalwater AT sperantatanasescu functionalmaterialsforwastetoenergyprocessesinsupercriticalwater
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Functional Materials for Waste-to-Energy Processes in Supercritical Water

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