NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study

Ebrahim Abbasi-Oshaghi,1,2,* Fatemeh Mirzaei,2,* Mona Pourjafar3 1Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 2Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 3Student Research Committee, Hamadan University o...

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Autores principales:	Abbasi-Oshaghi E, Mirzaei F, Pourjafar M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2019
Materias:	Antioxidants Apoptosis Caco-2 cells Liver Toxicity Nanoparticles Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/11f139516cc74e5f8123ebe057b37f6c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:11f139516cc74e5f8123ebe057b37f6c2021-12-02T11:34:40ZNLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/11f139516cc74e5f8123ebe057b37f6c2019-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/nlrp3-inflammasome-oxidative-stress-and-apoptosis-induced-in-the-intes-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Ebrahim Abbasi-Oshaghi,1,2,* Fatemeh Mirzaei,2,* Mona Pourjafar3 1Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 2Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 3Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on liver and intestine of normal rats. Methods: Male rats were divided into four groups as follows: 1) control rats, 2) control rats that orally received 10 mg/kg TiO2 NPs, 3) control rats that orally received 50 mg/kg TiO2 NPs, and 4) control rats that orally received 100 mg/kg TiO2 NPs. After 30 days, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β), antioxidant pathway (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and catalase [CAT]), inflammatory pathway (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), and the apoptosis pathway (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were determined in the intestine and liver of the rats. H&E and Masson’s trichrome (MT) staining as well as TUNEL assay were used to examine the liver and the intestine. Biochemical factors, cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and apoptosis rate were also determined in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells.Results: TiO2 NPs in a dose-dependent manner increased cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis rate in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. The administration of TiO2 NPs significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expressions (SOD, CAT, and GPx) as well as glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a dose-dependent manner. TiO2 NPs also induced the apoptosis pathway and inflammatory pathway gene expressions and caspase-3 activity in the intestine and liver. TUNEL assay was in agreement with gene expressions. TiO2 NPs also led to morphological changes in the liver and intestine.Conclusion: TiO2 NPs could have cytotoxic effects on the intestine and liver structure and function by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Keywords: caco-2 cells, hepg2 cells, gene expression, rat  Abbasi-Oshaghi EMirzaei FPourjafar MDove Medical PressarticleAntioxidantsApoptosisCaco-2 cellsLiver ToxicityNanoparticlesMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 14, Pp 1919-1936 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Antioxidants Apoptosis Caco-2 cells Liver Toxicity Nanoparticles Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Antioxidants Apoptosis Caco-2 cells Liver Toxicity Nanoparticles Medicine (General) R5-920 Abbasi-Oshaghi E Mirzaei F Pourjafar M NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study
description	Ebrahim Abbasi-Oshaghi,1,2,* Fatemeh Mirzaei,2,* Mona Pourjafar3 1Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 2Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 3Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on liver and intestine of normal rats. Methods: Male rats were divided into four groups as follows: 1) control rats, 2) control rats that orally received 10 mg/kg TiO2 NPs, 3) control rats that orally received 50 mg/kg TiO2 NPs, and 4) control rats that orally received 100 mg/kg TiO2 NPs. After 30 days, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β), antioxidant pathway (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and catalase [CAT]), inflammatory pathway (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), and the apoptosis pathway (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were determined in the intestine and liver of the rats. H&E and Masson’s trichrome (MT) staining as well as TUNEL assay were used to examine the liver and the intestine. Biochemical factors, cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and apoptosis rate were also determined in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells.Results: TiO2 NPs in a dose-dependent manner increased cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis rate in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. The administration of TiO2 NPs significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expressions (SOD, CAT, and GPx) as well as glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a dose-dependent manner. TiO2 NPs also induced the apoptosis pathway and inflammatory pathway gene expressions and caspase-3 activity in the intestine and liver. TUNEL assay was in agreement with gene expressions. TiO2 NPs also led to morphological changes in the liver and intestine.Conclusion: TiO2 NPs could have cytotoxic effects on the intestine and liver structure and function by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Keywords: caco-2 cells, hepg2 cells, gene expression, rat
format	article
author	Abbasi-Oshaghi E Mirzaei F Pourjafar M
author_facet	Abbasi-Oshaghi E Mirzaei F Pourjafar M
author_sort	Abbasi-Oshaghi E
title	NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study
title_short	NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study
title_full	NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study
title_fullStr	NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study
title_full_unstemmed	NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study
title_sort	nlrp3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/11f139516cc74e5f8123ebe057b37f6c
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NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced in the intestine and liver of rats treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles: in vivo and in vitro study

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