Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.

All ontogenetic stages of a life cycle are exposed to environmental conditions so that population persistence depends on the performance of both adults and offspring. Most studies analysing the influence of abiotic conditions on species performance have focussed on adults, while studies covering ear...

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Autores principales:	M Carmen Pineda, Christopher D McQuaid, Xavier Turon, Susanna López-Legentil, Víctor Ordóñez, Marc Rius
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/11f53c32e49840a3aeaff16df890b6c6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:11f53c32e49840a3aeaff16df890b6c62021-11-18T08:12:11ZTough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0046672https://doaj.org/article/11f53c32e49840a3aeaff16df890b6c62012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23077518/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203All ontogenetic stages of a life cycle are exposed to environmental conditions so that population persistence depends on the performance of both adults and offspring. Most studies analysing the influence of abiotic conditions on species performance have focussed on adults, while studies covering early life-history stages remain rare. We investigated the responses of early stages of two widely introduced ascidians, Styela plicata and Microcosmus squamiger, to different abiotic conditions. Stressors mimicked conditions in the habitats where both species can be found in their distributional ranges and responses were related to the selection potential of their populations by analysing their genetic diversity. Four developmental stages (egg fertilisation, larval development, settlement, metamorphosis) were studied after exposure to high temperature (30°C), low salinities (26 and 22‰) and high copper concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/L). Although most stressors effectively led to failure of complete development (fertilisation through metamorphosis), fertilisation and larval development were the most sensitive stages. All the studied stressors affected the development of both species, though responses differed with stage and stressor. S. plicata was overall more resistant to copper, and some stages of M. squamiger to low salinities. No relationship was found between parental genetic composition and responses to stressors. We conclude that successful development can be prevented at several life-history stages, and therefore, it is essential to consider multiple stages when assessing species' abilities to tolerate stress. Moreover, we found that early development of these species cannot be completed under conditions prevailing where adults live. These populations must therefore recruit from elsewhere or reproduce during temporal windows of more benign conditions. Alternatively, novel strategies or behaviours that increase overall reproductive success might be responsible for ensuring population survival.M Carmen PinedaChristopher D McQuaidXavier TuronSusanna López-LegentilVíctor OrdóñezMarc RiusPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e46672 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q M Carmen Pineda Christopher D McQuaid Xavier Turon Susanna López-Legentil Víctor Ordóñez Marc Rius Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.
description	All ontogenetic stages of a life cycle are exposed to environmental conditions so that population persistence depends on the performance of both adults and offspring. Most studies analysing the influence of abiotic conditions on species performance have focussed on adults, while studies covering early life-history stages remain rare. We investigated the responses of early stages of two widely introduced ascidians, Styela plicata and Microcosmus squamiger, to different abiotic conditions. Stressors mimicked conditions in the habitats where both species can be found in their distributional ranges and responses were related to the selection potential of their populations by analysing their genetic diversity. Four developmental stages (egg fertilisation, larval development, settlement, metamorphosis) were studied after exposure to high temperature (30°C), low salinities (26 and 22‰) and high copper concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/L). Although most stressors effectively led to failure of complete development (fertilisation through metamorphosis), fertilisation and larval development were the most sensitive stages. All the studied stressors affected the development of both species, though responses differed with stage and stressor. S. plicata was overall more resistant to copper, and some stages of M. squamiger to low salinities. No relationship was found between parental genetic composition and responses to stressors. We conclude that successful development can be prevented at several life-history stages, and therefore, it is essential to consider multiple stages when assessing species' abilities to tolerate stress. Moreover, we found that early development of these species cannot be completed under conditions prevailing where adults live. These populations must therefore recruit from elsewhere or reproduce during temporal windows of more benign conditions. Alternatively, novel strategies or behaviours that increase overall reproductive success might be responsible for ensuring population survival.
format	article
author	M Carmen Pineda Christopher D McQuaid Xavier Turon Susanna López-Legentil Víctor Ordóñez Marc Rius
author_facet	M Carmen Pineda Christopher D McQuaid Xavier Turon Susanna López-Legentil Víctor Ordóñez Marc Rius
author_sort	M Carmen Pineda
title	Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.
title_short	Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.
title_full	Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.
title_fullStr	Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.
title_full_unstemmed	Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.
title_sort	tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/11f53c32e49840a3aeaff16df890b6c6
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Tough adults, frail babies: an analysis of stress sensitivity across early life-history stages of widely introduced marine invertebrates.

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